Chapter 13: Blood System: Vocabulary Flashcards
albumin
Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
antibody
Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it
antigen
Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
basophil
White blood cell containing granules that stain blue
Associated with the release of histamine and heparin
bilirubin
Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
coagulation
Blood clotting
colony-stimulating factor
Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes)
differentiation
Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization
electrophoresis
Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge
eosinophil
White blood cell containing granules that stain red
Associated with allergic reactions
erythroblast
Immature red blood cell
erythrocyte
Red blood cell
erythropoietin
Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulated red blood cell formation
fibrin
Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot
fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
globulin
Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples
granulocyte
White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules
Three types:
- eosinophil
- neutrophil
- basophil
hematopoietic stem cell
Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
hemoglobin
Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
heparin
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
immune reaction
Response of the immune system to foreign invasion
immunoglobulin
Protein (a globulin) with antibody activity
leukocyte
White blood cell
lymphocyte
Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies
macrophage
Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris.
In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells
megakaryocyte
Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
monocyte
Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It engulfs foreign material and debris.
Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
mononuclear
Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
myeloblast
Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
neutrophil
Granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Attraction to no dye
Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
plasma
Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor.
platelet
Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus; neutrophil
prothrombin
Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
reticulocyte
Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
Rh factor
Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals
serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors
stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms
thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
thrombocyte
Platelet
heme
Iron-containing pigment
edema
Swelling results when too much fluid from the blood enters the surrounding tissue
hypochromic
Pertaining to deficiency of colour
reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
anticoagulant
A substance that works against coagulation
coagulopathy
Disease of the clotting process
cytology
Study of cells
hematocrit
Separation of blood; percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
hemoglobinopathy
Disease of abnormal hemoglobins
anisocytosis
Abnormal condition of unequal size of cells
leukocytopenia
Deficiency of white blood cells
morphology
Study of shape or form of blood cells
myelodysplasia
Abnormal development of bone marrow cells; preleukemic condition
neutropenia
Deficiency in neutrophils
poikilocytosis
Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells
sideropenia
Deficiency in iron in serum
spherocytosis
Condition (abnormal) in which erythrocytes assume a spheroidal (rounded) shape
thrombocytopenia
Deficiency of clotting cells
leukapheresis
Removal of white blood cells from the rest of the body by centrifugation
plateletpheresis
Removal of platelets from the rest of the blood by centrifugation
monoblast
Immature white blood cell (monocyte)
macrocytosis
Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of macrocytes (red blood cells that are larger than normal)
microcytosis
Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of microcytes (red blood cells that are smaller than normal)
leukemia
Abnormal condition of white blood cells (increase in numbers of malignant cells)
myeloid
Derived from bone marrow
thrombosis
Abnormal condition of clotting
granulocytopenia
Deficiency of granulocytes (white blood cells)
pancytopenia
Deficiency of all blood cells
eosinophilia
Increase in the numbers of eosinophils
neutrophilia
Increase in the numbers of neutrophils
hematopoiesis
Formation of blood cells
erythropoiesis
Formation of erythrocytes
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
hemostasis
Stoppage of the flow of blood