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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 13: Blood System: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood System: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

antibody

A

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

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3
Q

antigen

A

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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4
Q

basophil

A

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue

Associated with the release of histamine and heparin

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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6
Q

coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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7
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes)

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8
Q

differentiation

A

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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9
Q

electrophoresis

A

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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10
Q

eosinophil

A

White blood cell containing granules that stain red

Associated with allergic reactions

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11
Q

erythroblast

A

Immature red blood cell

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12
Q

erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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13
Q

erythropoietin

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulated red blood cell formation

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14
Q

fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

globulin

A

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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17
Q

granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules

Three types:

  • eosinophil
  • neutrophil
  • basophil
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18
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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19
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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20
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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21
Q

immune reaction

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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22
Q

immunoglobulin

A

Protein (a globulin) with antibody activity

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23
Q

leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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24
Q

lymphocyte

A

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

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25
macrophage
Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells
26
megakaryocyte
Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
27
monocyte
Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues
28
mononuclear
Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
29
myeloblast
Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes
30
neutrophil
Granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Attraction to no dye Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
31
plasma
Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
32
plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor.
33
platelet
Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
34
polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed nucleus; neutrophil
35
prothrombin
Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
36
reticulocyte
Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
37
Rh factor
Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive individuals
38
serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors
39
stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms
40
thrombin
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
41
thrombocyte
Platelet
42
heme
Iron-containing pigment
43
edema
Swelling results when too much fluid from the blood enters the surrounding tissue
44
hypochromic
Pertaining to deficiency of colour | reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
45
anticoagulant
A substance that works against coagulation
46
coagulopathy
Disease of the clotting process
47
cytology
Study of cells
48
hematocrit
Separation of blood; percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
49
hemoglobinopathy
Disease of abnormal hemoglobins
50
anisocytosis
Abnormal condition of unequal size of cells
51
leukocytopenia
Deficiency of white blood cells
52
morphology
Study of shape or form of blood cells
53
myelodysplasia
Abnormal development of bone marrow cells; preleukemic condition
54
neutropenia
Deficiency in neutrophils
55
poikilocytosis
Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells
56
sideropenia
Deficiency in iron in serum
57
spherocytosis
Condition (abnormal) in which erythrocytes assume a spheroidal (rounded) shape
58
thrombocytopenia
Deficiency of clotting cells
59
leukapheresis
Removal of white blood cells from the rest of the body by centrifugation
60
plateletpheresis
Removal of platelets from the rest of the blood by centrifugation
61
monoblast
Immature white blood cell (monocyte)
62
macrocytosis
Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of macrocytes (red blood cells that are larger than normal)
63
microcytosis
Abnormal condition (slight increase in numbers) of microcytes (red blood cells that are smaller than normal)
64
leukemia
Abnormal condition of white blood cells (increase in numbers of malignant cells)
65
myeloid
Derived from bone marrow
66
thrombosis
Abnormal condition of clotting
67
granulocytopenia
Deficiency of granulocytes (white blood cells)
68
pancytopenia
Deficiency of all blood cells
69
eosinophilia
Increase in the numbers of eosinophils
70
neutrophilia
Increase in the numbers of neutrophils
71
hematopoiesis
Formation of blood cells
72
erythropoiesis
Formation of erythrocytes
73
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
74
hemostasis
Stoppage of the flow of blood

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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