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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 22: Psychology: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Psychology: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

psychiatry

A

Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness

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2
Q

psychotherapy

A

Psychological techniques are treating mental disorders

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3
Q

psychopharmacology

A

Drug therapy

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4
Q

child psychiatrists

A

Specializes in the treatment of children

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5
Q

forensic psychiatrists

A

Specializes in the legal aspects of psychiatry, such as determination of mental competence in criminal cases

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6
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Where the patient freely relates their thoughts and associations to the analyst, who does not interfere with the process

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7
Q

psychologist

A

Nonmedical professional who is trained in methods of psychological testsing, psychotherapy, analysis, and research

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8
Q

clinical psychologist

A

Uses various methods of psychotherapy to treat patients, but unlike a psychiatrist, cannot prescribe drugs or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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9
Q

amnesia

A

Loss of memory

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10
Q

anxiety

A

Varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations

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11
Q

apathy

A

Absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation

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12
Q

compulsion

A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety

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13
Q

conversion

A

Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis

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14
Q

delusion

A

Fixed, false believe that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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15
Q

dissociation

A

Uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress. In extreme cases, dissociation can lead to multiple personalities

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16
Q

dysphoria

A

Intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life

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17
Q

euphoria

A

Intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and joy

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18
Q

hallucination

A

False or unreal sensory perception as, for example, hearing voices when none are present

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19
Q

illusion

A

Misperception of an actual sensory stimulus, such as hearing voices in the sound of rustling leaves

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20
Q

labile

A

Variable; undergoing rapid emotional change

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21
Q

mania

A

Elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, and racing thoughts

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22
Q

mutism

A

No, or very little, ability to speak

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23
Q

obsession

A

Involuntary, persistent idea or emotion

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24
Q

paranoia

A

Overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

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25
Q

id

A

Represents the unconscious instincts and psychic energy present from birth. Contains basic drives that, operating according to the pleasure principle, seek immediate gratification regardless of the reality of the situation

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26
Q

ego

A

Central coordinating branch of the personality. It is the mediator between the id and the outside world. It is the part of the personality that evaluates and assesses the reality of the situation (reality testing). The ego is perceived as being “self” by the individual

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27
Q

superego

A

Interalized conscious and moral part of the personality. It encompasses the sense of discipline derived from parental authority and society.

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28
Q

defense mechanisms

A

Techniques people use to ward off the anxiety produced by these conflicts

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29
Q

psychosis

A

Mental illness that involves significant impairment of reality testing with symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behaviour

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30
Q

panic disorder

A

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack between episodes

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31
Q

panic attack

A

Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes.

Symptoms:

  • palpitations
  • sweating
  • trembling
  • sensations of shortness of breath
  • feeling of choking
  • chest pain or discomfort
  • nausea or abdominal distress
  • feeling dizzy or faint
  • feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself
  • fear of losing control or “going crazy”
  • fear of dying
  • numbness or tingling
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32
Q

phobic disorders

A

Characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation. Patient goes to extreme lengths to avoid the object or their fear.

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33
Q

agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be readily available, or going out alone in “unsafe” places

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34
Q

social phobia

social anxiety disorder

A

Fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny, which would result in possible embarrassment and humiliation

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35
Q

claustrophobia

A

Fear or closed-in places

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36
Q

acrophobia

A

Fear of heights

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37
Q

zoophobia

A

Fear of animals

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38
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCD

A

Involves recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient’s life. The patient experiences anxiety if they are prevented from performing special rituals

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39
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

PTSD

A

Development of symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event.
Symptoms:
- intense fear
- helplessness
- insomnia
- nightmares
- diminished responsiveness to the external world

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40
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

GAD

A

Characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings

41
Q

bipolar disorder

A

Characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes

42
Q

hypomania

A

Describes a mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity

43
Q

bipolar disorder I

A

Characterized by one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes

44
Q

bipolar disorder II

A

Characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes

45
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

Mild form of bipolar disorder characterized by at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for mania and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder

46
Q

depressive disorder

A

Marked by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania

47
Q

major depressive disorder

A

Involves

  • episodes of severe dysphoria
  • increase or decrease in appetite
  • changes in weight
  • insomnia or sleeping too much
  • fatigue or low energy
  • feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, excessive or inappropriate guilt
  • difficulty thinking or concentrating
  • recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
48
Q

persistent depressive disorder

dysthymia

A

Depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or “down in the dumps”) that persists over a 2 year period but is not as severe as major depression. Also, no psychotic features

49
Q

seasonal affective disorder

SAD

A

A regular appearance of depression may occur within a period of approximately 60 days, between the beginning of October and the end of November every year

50
Q

dissociative disorder

A

Condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception

51
Q

fugue

A

Sudden travel away from home or work

52
Q

identity disorder

A

The presence of two or more distinct personality states

53
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

Inability to recall autobiographical information

54
Q

depresonalization/derealization disorder

A

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thought and surroundings

55
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. The patient is intensely afraid of gaining weight and has a disturbance in perception of the shape or size of their body

56
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

Characterized by binge eating (uncontrolled indulge in food) following by purging (eliminating food from the body). Patients maintain normal or nearly normal weight because after bingeing, they engage in inappropriate purging such as self-induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas

57
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

Disturbances in cognition (thinking, perception, reasoning, and judgement)

58
Q

delirium

A

Acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, and behavioural changes

59
Q

delirium tremens

A

Brought on by stopping alcohol consumption suddenly after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol injestion

60
Q

dementia

A

Progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as judgement, memory, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.

61
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills

62
Q

intellectual disability disorders

A

Deficient in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking) and inability to adapt and interact in activities of daily life

63
Q

communication disorders

A

Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language (spoken or written), including:

  • reduced vocabulary
  • limited sentence structure
  • impairments in speaking
64
Q

affect

A

External expression of emotion, or emotional response

65
Q

amnesia

A

Loss of memory

66
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

67
Q

anxiety disorders

A

Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behaviour

68
Q

apathy

A

Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement

69
Q

autism

A

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behaviour

70
Q

bipolar disorders

A

These disorders are marked by alternating periods of mania and depression

71
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression

72
Q

cannabis

A

Plant substance from which marijuana is obtained

73
Q

compulsion

A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety

74
Q

conversion disorder

A

Condition marked by neurologic symptoms with no organic (physical) basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict

75
Q

defense mechanism

A

Unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety

76
Q

delirium

A

Acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, agitation, and fearfulness

77
Q

delusion

A

Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

78
Q

dementia

A

Progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as memory, judgement, and reasoning as well as changes in personality

79
Q

depressive disorders

A

Major psychiatric disorders with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, discouragement, and commonly suicidal thoughts or impulses

80
Q

dissociative disorders

A

Conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception

81
Q

ego

A

Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind

82
Q

fugue

A

Unconscious flight from customary surroundings

83
Q

gender dysphoria

A

Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex that causes clinically significant stress

84
Q

hallucination

A

False sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)

85
Q

id

A

Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires

86
Q

labile

A

Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change

87
Q

mania

A

Elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness, and racing thoughts

88
Q

mutism

A

No ability or little ability to speak

89
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills

90
Q

obsession

A

Involuntary, persistent idea, urge or emotion

91
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts are repetitive acts dominate behaviour

92
Q

paranoia

A

Overly suspicious system of thinking with fixed delusions of being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

93
Q

paraphilia

A

Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behaviour that involves unusual objects, activities or situations

94
Q

personality disorders

A

Lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning

95
Q

phobia

A

Irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation

96
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

PTSD

A

Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event

97
Q

projective (personality) test

A

Diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality

98
Q

psychiatrist

A

Physician (MD degree) or osteopath (DO degree) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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