Chapter 22: Psychology: Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
psychiatry
A
Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness
2
Q
psychotherapy
A
Psychological techniques are treating mental disorders
3
Q
psychopharmacology
A
Drug therapy
4
Q
child psychiatrists
A
Specializes in the treatment of children
5
Q
forensic psychiatrists
A
Specializes in the legal aspects of psychiatry, such as determination of mental competence in criminal cases
6
Q
psychoanalysis
A
Where the patient freely relates their thoughts and associations to the analyst, who does not interfere with the process
7
Q
psychologist
A
Nonmedical professional who is trained in methods of psychological testsing, psychotherapy, analysis, and research
8
Q
clinical psychologist
A
Uses various methods of psychotherapy to treat patients, but unlike a psychiatrist, cannot prescribe drugs or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
9
Q
amnesia
A
Loss of memory
10
Q
anxiety
A
Varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations
11
Q
apathy
A
Absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation
12
Q
compulsion
A
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
13
Q
conversion
A
Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis
14
Q
delusion
A
Fixed, false believe that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
15
Q
dissociation
A
Uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress. In extreme cases, dissociation can lead to multiple personalities
16
Q
dysphoria
A
Intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life
17
Q
euphoria
A
Intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and joy
18
Q
hallucination
A
False or unreal sensory perception as, for example, hearing voices when none are present
19
Q
illusion
A
Misperception of an actual sensory stimulus, such as hearing voices in the sound of rustling leaves
20
Q
labile
A
Variable; undergoing rapid emotional change
21
Q
mania
A
Elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, and racing thoughts
22
Q
mutism
A
No, or very little, ability to speak
23
Q
obsession
A
Involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
24
Q
paranoia
A
Overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
25
id
Represents the unconscious instincts and psychic energy present from birth. Contains basic drives that, operating according to the pleasure principle, seek immediate gratification regardless of the reality of the situation
26
ego
Central coordinating branch of the personality. It is the mediator between the id and the outside world. It is the part of the personality that evaluates and assesses the reality of the situation (reality testing). The ego is perceived as being "self" by the individual
27
superego
Interalized conscious and moral part of the personality. It encompasses the sense of discipline derived from parental authority and society.
28
defense mechanisms
Techniques people use to ward off the anxiety produced by these conflicts
29
psychosis
Mental illness that involves significant impairment of reality testing with symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behaviour
30
panic disorder
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack between episodes
31
panic attack
Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes.
Symptoms:
- palpitations
- sweating
- trembling
- sensations of shortness of breath
- feeling of choking
- chest pain or discomfort
- nausea or abdominal distress
- feeling dizzy or faint
- feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself
- fear of losing control or "going crazy"
- fear of dying
- numbness or tingling
32
phobic disorders
Characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation. Patient goes to extreme lengths to avoid the object or their fear.
33
agoraphobia
Fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be readily available, or going out alone in "unsafe" places
34
social phobia
| social anxiety disorder
Fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny, which would result in possible embarrassment and humiliation
35
claustrophobia
Fear or closed-in places
36
acrophobia
Fear of heights
37
zoophobia
Fear of animals
38
obsessive-compulsive disorder
| OCD
Involves recurrent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient's life. The patient experiences anxiety if they are prevented from performing special rituals
39
post-traumatic stress disorder
| PTSD
Development of symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event.
Symptoms:
- intense fear
- helplessness
- insomnia
- nightmares
- diminished responsiveness to the external world
40
generalized anxiety disorder
| GAD
Characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
41
bipolar disorder
Characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes
42
hypomania
Describes a mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity
43
bipolar disorder I
Characterized by one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes
44
bipolar disorder II
Characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes
45
cyclothymic disorder
Mild form of bipolar disorder characterized by at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for mania and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive disorder
46
depressive disorder
Marked by the occurrence of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania
47
major depressive disorder
Involves
- episodes of severe dysphoria
- increase or decrease in appetite
- changes in weight
- insomnia or sleeping too much
- fatigue or low energy
- feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, excessive or inappropriate guilt
- difficulty thinking or concentrating
- recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
48
persistent depressive disorder
| dysthymia
Depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or "down in the dumps") that persists over a 2 year period but is not as severe as major depression. Also, no psychotic features
49
seasonal affective disorder
| SAD
A regular appearance of depression may occur within a period of approximately 60 days, between the beginning of October and the end of November every year
50
dissociative disorder
Condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception
51
fugue
Sudden travel away from home or work
52
identity disorder
The presence of two or more distinct personality states
53
dissociative amnesia
Inability to recall autobiographical information
54
depresonalization/derealization disorder
Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thought and surroundings
55
anorexia nervosa
Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. The patient is intensely afraid of gaining weight and has a disturbance in perception of the shape or size of their body
56
bulimia nervosa
Characterized by binge eating (uncontrolled indulge in food) following by purging (eliminating food from the body). Patients maintain normal or nearly normal weight because after bingeing, they engage in inappropriate purging such as self-induced vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas
57
neurocognitive disorders
Disturbances in cognition (thinking, perception, reasoning, and judgement)
58
delirium
Acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, and behavioural changes
59
delirium tremens
Brought on by stopping alcohol consumption suddenly after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol injestion
60
dementia
Progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as judgement, memory, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
61
neurodevelopmental disorders
Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills
62
intellectual disability disorders
Deficient in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking) and inability to adapt and interact in activities of daily life
63
communication disorders
Persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language (spoken or written), including:
- reduced vocabulary
- limited sentence structure
- impairments in speaking
64
affect
External expression of emotion, or emotional response
65
amnesia
Loss of memory
66
anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight
67
anxiety disorders
Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behaviour
68
apathy
Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement
69
autism
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behaviour
70
bipolar disorders
These disorders are marked by alternating periods of mania and depression
71
bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression
72
cannabis
Plant substance from which marijuana is obtained
73
compulsion
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
74
conversion disorder
Condition marked by neurologic symptoms with no organic (physical) basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict
75
defense mechanism
Unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety
76
delirium
Acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, agitation, and fearfulness
77
delusion
Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
78
dementia
Progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as memory, judgement, and reasoning as well as changes in personality
79
depressive disorders
Major psychiatric disorders with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, discouragement, and commonly suicidal thoughts or impulses
80
dissociative disorders
Conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception
81
ego
Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind
82
fugue
Unconscious flight from customary surroundings
83
gender dysphoria
Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex that causes clinically significant stress
84
hallucination
False sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)
85
id
Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires
86
labile
Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change
87
mania
Elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness, and racing thoughts
88
mutism
No ability or little ability to speak
89
neurodevelopmental disorders
Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills
90
obsession
Involuntary, persistent idea, urge or emotion
91
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts are repetitive acts dominate behaviour
92
paranoia
Overly suspicious system of thinking with fixed delusions of being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
93
paraphilia
Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behaviour that involves unusual objects, activities or situations
94
personality disorders
Lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning
95
phobia
Irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation
96
post-traumatic stress disorder
| PTSD
Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event
97
projective (personality) test
Diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual's personality
98
psychiatrist
Physician (MD degree) or osteopath (DO degree) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders
