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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 10: Nervous System: Exercises > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System: Exercises Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic fiber leading from the cell body that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

A

axon

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2
Q

Large interlacing network of nerves.

A

plexus

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3
Q

Three (3) protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

A

meninges

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4
Q

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

A

dendrite

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5
Q

Outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter.

A

cerebral cortex

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6
Q

Glial cell that transports water and salts between capillaries and nerve cells.

A

astrocyte

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7
Q

Glial cell that produces myelin.

A

oligodendroglial cell

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8
Q

A nerve cell that transmits a nerve impulse.

A

neuron

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9
Q

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar.

A

cauda equina

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10
Q

Fatty tissue that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell.

A

myelin sheath

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11
Q

Innermost meningeal membrane.

A

pia mater

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12
Q

Carry messages away from (efferent) the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.

A

motor nerves

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13
Q

Carry messages toward (afferent) the brain and spinal cord from receptors.

A

sensory nerves

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14
Q

Grooves in the cerebral cortex.

A

sulci

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15
Q

Contains cerebrospinal fluid.

A

subarachnoid space

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16
Q

Elevations in the cerebral cortex.

A

gyri

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17
Q

Chemical that is released at the end of a nerve cell and stimulates or inhibits another cell.

Example: acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter

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18
Q

Essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron.

A

parenchymal cell

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19
Q

Connective and supportive (stromal) tissue.

A

glial cell

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20
Q

Disease of the brain.

A

encephalopathy

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21
Q

Part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance.

A

cerebellum

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22
Q

Collection of blood above the dura mater.

A

epidural hematoma

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23
Q

Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes.

A

leptomeningitis

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24
Q

Condition of absence of a brain.

A

anencephaly

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25
Q

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

A

poliomyelitis

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26
Q

Pertaining to the membranes around the brain and spinal cord.

A

meningeal

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27
Q

Disease of nerve roots (of spinal nerves).

A

radiculopathy

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28
Q

Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges.

A

myelomeningocele

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29
Q

Pertaining to the tenth (10th) cranial nerve.

A

vagal

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30
Q

Reading disorder.

A

dyslexia

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31
Q

Condition of decreased coordination.

A

ataxia

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32
Q

Condition of slow movement.

A

bradykinesia

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33
Q

Condition of increased sensation.

A

hyperesthesia

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34
Q

Seizure of sleep; uncontrollable compulsion to sleep.

A

narcolepsy

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35
Q

Difficulty with speech.

A

aphasia

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36
Q

Inability to perform a task.

A

motorapraxia

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37
Q

Weakness in the right or left half of the body.

A

hemiparesis

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38
Q

Severe burning pain due to nerve injury.

A

causalgia

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39
Q

Paralysis in the lower part of the body.

A

paraplegia

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40
Q

Fainting.

A

Syncope

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41
Q

Nervous exhaustion (lack of strength) and fatigue.

A

neurasthenia

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42
Q

dura mater

A

Outermost meningeal layer surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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43
Q

central nervous system

A

Brain and the spinal cord.

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44
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.

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45
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

Middle meningeal membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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46
Q

hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain below the thalamus.

Controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and sections from the pituitary gland.

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47
Q

synapse

A

Space through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from a nerve cell to another nerve cell or to a muscle or gland cell.

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48
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

Autonomic nerves that influence body functions involuntarily in times of stress.

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49
Q

medulla oblongata

A

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord.

Controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels.

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50
Q

pons

A

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the upper parts of the brain.

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51
Q

cerebellum

A

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements.

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52
Q

thalamus

A

Part of the brain below the cerebrum.

Relay centre that conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum.

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53
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

Canals in the interior of the brain that are filled with CSF.

54
Q

brainstem

A

Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.

55
Q

cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain.

Controls voluntary muscle movement, vision, speech, hearing, thought, and memory.

56
Q

ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord.

57
Q

cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum. Contains gray matter.

58
Q

intrathecal

A

Pertaining to within a sheath through the meninges and into the subarachnoid space.

59
Q

polyneuritis

A

Inflammation of many nerves.

60
Q

thalamic

A

Pertaining to the thalamus.

61
Q

myelopathy

A

Disease of the spinal cord.

62
Q

meningioma

A

Tumor of the meninges.

63
Q

glioma

A

Tumor of neurologlial cells (a brain tumor).

64
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Mass of blood below the dura mater.

65
Q

analgesia

A

Lack of sensitivity to pain.

66
Q

motor aphasia

A

Difficulty in speaking.

Patient cannot articulate words but can understand speech and knows what she or he wants to say.

67
Q

paresis

A

Weakness and partial loss of movement.

68
Q

quadriplegia

A

Paralysis in all four (4) extremities. Damage is to the cervical part of the spinal cord.

69
Q

asthenia

A

No strength; weakness.

70
Q

comatose

A

Pertaining to coma.

71
Q

paresthesia

A

Condition of abnormal sensations (prickling, tingling, burning).

72
Q

hyperkinesis

A

Excessive movement.

73
Q

anesthesia

A

Condition of no sensation or nervous feeling.

74
Q

causalgia

A

Severe burning pain from injury to peripheral nerves.

75
Q

akinetic

A

Pertaining to without movement.

76
Q

hypalgesia

A

Diminished sensation to pain.

77
Q

dyskinesia

A

Impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements.

78
Q

migraine

A

Recurrent vascular headache with severe pain of unilateral onset and photophobia (sensitivity to light).

79
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath (demyelination) and its replacement by hard plaques.

A

multiple sclerosis

80
Q

Sudden, transient disturbances of brain function cause seizures.

A

epilepsy

81
Q

The spinal column is imperfectly joined (a split in a vertebra occurs), and part of the meninges and spinal cord can herniate out of the spinal cavity.

A

myelomeningocele

82
Q

Atrophy of muscles and paralysis caused by damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem.

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

83
Q

Patient displays bizarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements, as well as decline in mental functions.

A

Huntington disease

84
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head (in the ventricles of the brain).

A

hydrocephalus

85
Q

Loss of muscle strength due to the inability of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) to transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscle cells.

A

myasthenia gravis

86
Q

Degeneration of nerves in the basal ganglia occurring in later life, leading to tremors, shuffling gait, and muscle stiffness; dopamine is deficient in the brain.

A

Parkinson disease

87
Q

Deterioration of mental capacity (dementia); autopsy shows cerebral cortex atrophy, widening of cerebral sulci, and microscopic neurofibrillary tangles.

A

Alzheimer disease

88
Q

Unilateral facial paralysis

A

Bell palsy

89
Q

astrocytoma

A

Tumor of neuroglial brain cells (astrocytes).

90
Q

pyogenic meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges. Bacterial infection with pus formation.

91
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements (tics), uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words.

92
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head.

93
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke or cerebral infarction.

94
Q

cerebral concussion

A

Traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head.

95
Q

herpes zoster

A

Neurologic condition caused by infection with herpes zoster virus; blisters form along the course of peripheral nerves.

Virus that causes chickenpox and shingles.

96
Q

cerebral embolus

A

Blockage of a blood vessel in the cerebrum caused by material from another part of the body that suddenly occludes the vessel.

97
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

Blockage of a blood vessel in the cerebrum caused by the formation of a clot within the vessel.

98
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

Collection of blood on the brain (can cause a stroke).

99
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

Widening of a blood vessel (artery) in the cerebrum; the aneurysm can burst and lead to a CVA.

100
Q

HIV encephalopathy

A

Brain disease (dementia and encephalitis) caused by infection with AIDS virus.

101
Q

ataxia

A

Uncontrollable gait

102
Q

aura

A

Peculiar sensation experienced by patient before onset of seizure.

103
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

Blood flow to the brain stops for a brief period of time.

104
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

Major epileptic seizure; ictal event

105
Q

palliative

A

Relieving but not curing

106
Q

dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter

107
Q

occlusion

A

Blockage

108
Q

absence seizure

A

Minor epileptic seizure

109
Q

glioblastoma multiforme

A

Malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells

110
Q

Lack of nerve strength

A

neurasthenia

111
Q

Inability to speak

A

aphasia

112
Q

Inability to perform purposeful actions

A

apraxia

113
Q

Condition of insensitivity to pain

A

analgesia

114
Q

Condition of loss of sensation

A

anesthesia

115
Q

Sensations of tingling, numbness, or “pins and needles”

A

paresthesia

116
Q

Lack of coordination

A

ataxia

117
Q

Excessive movement

A

hyperkinesis

118
Q

Abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements

A

dyskinesia

119
Q

Developmental reading disorder

A

dyslexia

120
Q

Partial paralysis

A

paresis

121
Q

Part of the brain that controls sleep, appetite, temperature, and secretions of the pituitary gland.

A

hypothalamus

122
Q

Pertaining to fainting

A

syncopal

123
Q

Abnormal tingling sensations

A

paresthesias

124
Q

Slight paralysis

A

paresis

125
Q

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root

A

radiculitis

126
Q

Inability to speak correctly

A

aphasia

127
Q

Movements and behaviour that are not purposeful

A

apraxia

128
Q

Lack of muscular coordination

A

ataxia

129
Q

Paralysis in one half (right or left) of the body

A

hemiplegia

130
Q

Paralysis in the lower half of the body

A

paraplegia

131
Q

Paralysis in all four (4) limbs

A

quadriplegia

132
Q

Nervous exhaustion and fatigue

A

neurasthenia

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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