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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 5: Digestive System: Exercises > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Digestive System: Exercises Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections

A

colon

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2
Q

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

A

gallbladder

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3
Q

First part of the large intestine

A

cecum

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4
Q

End of the digestive tract opening to the outside of the body

A

anus

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5
Q

Second part of the small intestine

A

jejunum

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6
Q

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

esophagus

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7
Q

Third part of the small intestine

A

ileum

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8
Q

Large organ in the right upper quadrant; secretes bile, stores sugar, produces blood proteins

A

liver

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9
Q

Throat

A

pharynx

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10
Q

Lowest part of the colon

A

sigmoid colon

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11
Q

First part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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12
Q

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

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13
Q

Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine

A

villi

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14
Q

Salivary gland near the ear

A

parotid

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15
Q

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

Soft inner section of a tooth

A

pulp

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17
Q

Chemical that speeds up reactions and helps digest foods

A

enzyme

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18
Q

Pigment released with bile

A

bilirubin

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19
Q

Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas

A

insulin

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20
Q

Rhythm-like contraction of the muscles in the walls of the gastrointestinal walls

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

Breakdown of large fat molecules

A

emulsification

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22
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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23
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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24
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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25
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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26
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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27
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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28
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

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29
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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30
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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31
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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32
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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33
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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34
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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35
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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36
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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37
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

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38
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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39
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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40
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

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41
Q

resection

A

removal, excision

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42
Q

-ectomy

A

removal, excision

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43
Q

Removal of a salivary gland

A

sialadenectomy

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44
Q

Pertaining to the throat

A

pharyngeal

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45
Q

Hernia of the rectum

A

rectocele

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46
Q

Enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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47
Q

Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth

A

palatoplasty

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48
Q

After meals

A

postprandial

post cibum - cib/o refers to meals or feeding

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49
Q

Visual examination of the anal and rectal region

A

proctoscopy

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50
Q

Study of the cause (of disease)

A

etiology

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51
Q

Incision of the common bile duct

A

choledochotomy

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52
Q

Pertaining to teeth and cheek

A

dentibuccal

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53
Q

Disease condition of the small intestine

A

enteropathy

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54
Q

New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum

A

choledochojejunostomy

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55
Q

Pertaining to surrounding the anus

A

perianal

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56
Q

New opening from the colon to the outside of the body

A

colostomy

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57
Q

Under the lower jaw

A

submandibular

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58
Q

Pertaining to the face

A

facial

59
Q

Treats disorders of the rectum and anus

A

proctologist

60
Q

Operates on the organs of the urinary tract

A

urologist

61
Q

Straightens teeth

A

orthodontist

62
Q

Performs root canal therapy

A

endodontist

63
Q

Operates on the mouth and teeth

A

oral surgeon

64
Q

Treats kidney disorders

A

nephrologist

65
Q

Diagnoses and treats gastrointestinal disorders

A

gastroenterologist

66
Q

Treats gum disease

A

periodontist

67
Q

Operates on the intestinal tract

A

colorectal surgeon

68
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

69
Q

Inflammation of the large intestine

A

colitis

70
Q

Inflammation of the passageway from the throat to the stomach

A

esophagitis

71
Q

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the abdomen

A

peritonitis

72
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

73
Q

Inflammation of the third part of the small intestine

A

ileitis

74
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

75
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

76
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

77
Q

Inflammation of the mouth

A

stomatitis

78
Q

Inflammation of the salivary gland

A

sialadenitis

79
Q

Inflammation of the small and large intestines

A

enterocolitis

80
Q

High level of blood sugar

A

hyperglycemia

81
Q

Inflammation of the lip

A

cheilitis

82
Q

Pertaining to administration of medicines and fluid other than by mouth

A

parenteral

83
Q

Mucous membrane

A

mucosa

84
Q

Expulsion of feces from the body through the anus

A

defecation

85
Q

Breakdown (conversion) of starch to sugar

A

glycogenolysis

86
Q

Fan-like membrane that connects the small intestine to the abdominal wall

A

mesentery

87
Q

Large vessel that takes blood to the liver from the intestines

A

portal vein

88
Q

New surgical connection between structures or organs

A

anastomosis

89
Q

Pertaining to bile ducts

A

biliary

90
Q

Process of forming new sugar from proteins and fats

A

gluconeogenesis

91
Q

High levels of a bile pigment in the bloodstream

A

hyperbilirubinemia

92
Q

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum

A

hematochezia

93
Q

Lack of appetite

A

anorexia

94
Q

Fat in the feces

A

steatorrhea

95
Q

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

A

melena

96
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

97
Q

Rumbling noises produced by gas in the gastrointestinal tract

A

borborygmi (bowel sounds)

98
Q

Gas expelled through the anus

A

flatus

99
Q

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit

A

nausea

100
Q

Loose, watery stools

A

diarrhea

101
Q

Difficulty in passing stools (feces)

A

constipation

102
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

103
Q

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

A

eructation

104
Q

jaundice

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues (hyperbilirubinemia)

105
Q

List three ways in which a patient can become jaundiced

A

Any liver disease

Obstruction of bile flow

Excessive hemolysis

(Refer to LOM page 180, section J 2)

106
Q

idiopathic

A

Cause is not known

107
Q

Mr. Jones, a smoker and heavy drinker, complained of dysphagia in recent months. A longstanding condition of Barrett esophagus resulted in his malignant condition.

Diagnosis:

A

esophageal cancer

108
Q

An abnormal tube-like passageway near his anus caused Mr. Rosen’s proctalgia. His doctor performed surgery to close off the abnormality.

Diagnosis:

A

anal fistula

109
Q

Carol’s dentist informed her that the enamel of three teeth was damaged by bacteria-producing acid.

Diagnosis:

A

dental caries

110
Q

Paola’s symptoms of chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever led to her doctor to suspect that she suffered from an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the distal portion of her ileum. The doctor prescribed steroid drugs to heal her condition.

Diagnosis:

A

Crohn disease

111
Q

Mr. Hart learned that his colonoscopy showed the presence of small benign growths protruding from the mucous membrane of his large intestine.

Diagnosis:

A

colonic polyps

112
Q

During a routine dental checkup, Dr. Friedman discovered white plaques on Mr. Longo’s buccal mucosa. He advised Mr. Longo, who was a chronic smoker and heavy drinker, to have these precancerous lesions removed.

Diagnosis:

A

oral leukoplakia

113
Q

Every time Carl had a stressful time at work, he developed a fever blister (cold sore) on his lip, resulting from reactivation of a previous viral infection. His doctor told him that there was no treatment 100% effective in preventing the reappearance of these lesions.

Diagnosis:

A

herpetic stomatitis

114
Q

Mr. Green had a biopsy of a neoplastic lesion in his descending colon. The pathology report indicated a malignancy. A partial colectomy was necessary.

Diagnosis:

A

colorectal cancer

115
Q

Small ulcers (canker sores) appeared on Diane’s gums. They were painful and annoying.

Diagnosis:

A

aphthous stomatitis

116
Q

Imaging tests revealed a tumor in a selection of Mr. Smith’s pancreas. His physician told him that since it had not spread, he could hope for a cure with surgery. He had a pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple’s procedure), which was successful.

Diagnosis:

A

pancreatic cancer

117
Q

Mr. Clark complained of pain during swallowing. His physician explained that the pain was caused by a failure of muscles in his lower esophagus to relax during swallowing.

Diagnosis:

A

achalasia

118
Q

Protrustion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

119
Q

Painful, inflamed intestines caused by bacterial infection

A

dysentery

120
Q

Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region

A

hemorrhoids

121
Q

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach of duodenum

A

peptic ulcer

122
Q

Loss of peristalsis

A

ileus

123
Q

Twisting of the intestine on itself

A

volvulus

124
Q

Swollen varicose veins on the surface of the distal portion of the esophagus

A

esophageal varices

125
Q

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall

A

diverticulosis

126
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon with destruction of its inner surface

A

ulcerative colitis

127
Q

Telescoping of the intestines

A

intussusception

128
Q

Inflammation of the liver caused by type A, type B, or type C virus

A

viral hepatitis

129
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

130
Q

Calculi in the sac that stores bile

A

cholecystolithiasis (gallstones)

131
Q

Chronic degenerative liver disease with scarring resulting from alcoholism or infectious hepatitis

A

cirrhosis

132
Q

gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) with no evidence of structual abnormalities

A

irritable bowel syndrome

133
Q

Membrane (peritoneal fold) that holds the intestines together

A

mesentry

134
Q

Removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

135
Q

Black or dark brown, tarry stools containing blood

A

melena

136
Q

High levels of pigment in the blood (jaundice)

A

hyperbilirubinema

137
Q

Pertaining to under the tongue

A

sublingual

138
Q

Twisting of the intestine on itself

A

volvulus

139
Q

New connection between two previously unconnected tubes

A

anastomosis

140
Q

Absence of acid in the stomach

A

achlorhydria

141
Q

Return of solids and fluids to the mouth from the stomach

A

gastroesophageal reflux

142
Q

Removal of soft tissue hanging from the roof of the mouth

A

uvulectomy

143
Q

Formation of stones

A

lithogenesis

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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