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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 18: Endocrine System: Pathology and Clinical Tests > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Endocrine System: Pathology and Clinical Tests Flashcards

1
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

Overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis

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2
Q

Graves disease

A

Most common type of hyperthyroidism

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3
Q

exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of the eyeballs; proptosis

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4
Q

hypothyroidism

A

Underactivity of the thyroid gland

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5
Q

myxedema

A

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood. Atrophy of the thyroid gland occurs and practically no hormone is produced. The skin becomes dry and puffy (edema) because of the collection of mucus-like material under the skin

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6
Q

cretinism

A

Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to a lack of normal growth, so the affected person has the appearance of an obese, short, and stocky child

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7
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

Cancer of the thyroid gland

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8
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

Excessive production of parathormone

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9
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

Deficient production of parathyroid hormone

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10
Q

tetany

A

Constant muscle contraction

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11
Q

adrenal virilism

A

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

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12
Q

hirsutism

A

Excessive hair on the face and body

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13
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

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14
Q

Addison disease

A

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

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15
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

Benign tumor or the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain a dark or dusky colour

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16
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

Excessive secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia

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17
Q

diabetes mellitus

DM

A

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

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18
Q

ketoacidosis

A

Fats are improperly burned, leading to an accumulation of ketones and acids in the body

19
Q

insulin shock

A

Severe hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased food intake, or excessive exercise

20
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

Destruction of retinal blood vessels

21
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

Destruction of the kidneys

22
Q

diabetic neuropathy

A

Destruction of nerves involving pain or loss of sensation

23
Q

gastroparesis

A

Loss of gastric motility

24
Q

gestational diabetes

A

Can occur in pregnant women with a predisposition to diabetes during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. After delivery, blood glucose usually returns to normal

25
Q

acromegaly

A

Hypersection of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities

26
Q

gigantism

A

Hypersection of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

27
Q

dwarfism

A

Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism

28
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones

29
Q

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

A

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone

30
Q

diabetes insipidus

DI

A

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

31
Q

fasting blood sugar

fasting plasma glucose

A

Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

32
Q

prediabetes

A

Blood glucose is higher than normal, but not high enough for diagnosis of diabetes

33
Q

glucose tolerance test

A

Oral test used to diagnose prediabetes and gestational diabetes

34
Q

glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test

A

Performed by measuring the percentage of red blood cells with glucose attached, monitors long-term glucose control

35
Q

serum and urine tests

A

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, glucose, and other substances in serum (blood) and urine as indicators of endocrine function

36
Q

glucometer

A

Tests blood glucose levels

37
Q

urinary microalbumin assay

A

Urine test to detect amount of albumin in urine as a marker or harbinger of diabetic nephropathy

38
Q

thyroid function tests

A

Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

39
Q

exophthalmometry

A

Measurement of eyeball protrusion (as in Graves disease) with an exophthalmometer

40
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan

A

X-ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor

41
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

A

Magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities

42
Q

thyroid scan

A

Scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland

43
Q

ultrasound examination

A

Sound waves show images of endocrine organs

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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