Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Muscle Pathology and Laboratory Tests Flashcards
muscular dystrophy
Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
pseudohypertrophy
Muscles appear to enlarge as fat replaces functional muscle cells that have degenerated and atrophied
polymyositis
Chronic inflammatory myopathy
antinuclear antibody test
Detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)
(sed rate)
Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
rheumatoid factor test
Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis
serum calcium
Measurement of calcium level in serum
serum creatine kinase
Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
uric acid test
Measurement of uric acid in serum
arthrocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
arthrography
Taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
arthroplasty
Surgical repair or replacement of a joint
total hip replacement
Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened to the bone
total knee replacement
A metal prosthesis covers the end of the femur, and a tibial component made of metal and plastic covers the tip end of the tibia
resection arthroplasty
Small portion of a bone is removed to repair the joint
interposition arthroplasty
New tissue is placed between damaged surface of a joint
revision arthroplasty
An operation to replace a failing prosthetic joint
arthroscopy
Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor
bone density test (bone densitometry)
Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass
bone scan
Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone
computed tomography (CT)
X-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images
diskography
X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk)
electromyography
Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation
magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
A strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissue
muscle biopsy
Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
