Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Muscle Pathology and Laboratory Tests

Question 1

muscular dystrophy

Answer 1

Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Question 2

pseudohypertrophy

Answer 2

Muscles appear to enlarge as fat replaces functional muscle cells that have degenerated and atrophied

Question 3

polymyositis

Answer 3

Chronic inflammatory myopathy

Question 4

antinuclear antibody test

Answer 4

Detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases

Question 5

erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR)
(sed rate)

Answer 5

Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

Question 6

rheumatoid factor test

Answer 6

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Question 7

serum calcium

Answer 7

Measurement of calcium level in serum

Question 8

serum creatine kinase

Answer 8

Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

Question 9

uric acid test

Answer 9

Measurement of uric acid in serum

Question 10

arthrocentesis

Answer 10

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Question 11

arthrography

Answer 11

Taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

Question 12

arthroplasty

Answer 12

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint

Question 13

total hip replacement

Answer 13

Replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened to the bone

Question 14

total knee replacement

Answer 14

A metal prosthesis covers the end of the femur, and a tibial component made of metal and plastic covers the tip end of the tibia

Question 15

resection arthroplasty

Answer 15

Small portion of a bone is removed to repair the joint

Question 16

interposition arthroplasty

Answer 16

New tissue is placed between damaged surface of a joint

Question 17

revision arthroplasty

Answer 17

An operation to replace a failing prosthetic joint

Question 18

arthroscopy

Answer 18

Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor

Question 19

bone density test (bone densitometry)

Answer 19

Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

Question 20

bone scan

Answer 20

Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

Question 21

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 21

X-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images

Question 22

diskography

Answer 22

X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk)

Question 23

electromyography

Answer 23

Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

Question 24

magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

Answer 24

A strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissue

Question 25

muscle biopsy

Answer 25

Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination