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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Pathology and Clinical Procedures > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Pathology and Clinical Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

auscultation

A

Listening to sounds within the body

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2
Q

percussion

A

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

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3
Q

pleural rub

A

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

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4
Q

rales (crackles)

A

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

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5
Q

rhonchus
(singular)

rhonchi
(plural)

A

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

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6
Q

sputum

A

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

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7
Q

stridor

A

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inhalation caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

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8
Q

wheezes

A

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced when breathing

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9
Q

croup

A

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

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10
Q

diphtheria

A

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

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11
Q

epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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12
Q

pertussis

A

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

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13
Q

asthma

A

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

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14
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

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15
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammatory of bronchi persisting over a long period of time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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16
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

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17
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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18
Q

emphysema

A

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

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19
Q

lung cancer

A

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

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20
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

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21
Q

pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

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22
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of bus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

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23
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

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24
Q

anthracosis

A

Black lung disease (coal dust in the lungs)

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25
Q

asbestosis

A

Asbestos particles in the lungs

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26
Q

silicosis

A

Disease due to silica or glass durst in the lungs

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27
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

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28
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

29
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

30
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

31
Q

bacillus
(singular)

bacilli
(plural)

A

Rod-shaped bacteria

32
Q

mesothelioma

A

Rare malignant rumor arising in the pleura

33
Q

pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

34
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

Inflammation of the pleura

35
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in the pleural space

36
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

37
Q

cor pulmonale

A

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

38
Q

exudates

A

Fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation

39
Q

hydrothorax

A

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

40
Q

infiltrate

A

Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image

41
Q

palliative

A

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

42
Q

paroxysmal

A

Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm of seizure

43
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)

44
Q

purulent

A

Containing pus

45
Q

chest x-ray

A

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

46
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

A

Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

47
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

A

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes

48
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

A

Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

49
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan

A

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)

50
Q

bronchoscopy

A

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

51
Q

bronchoalveolar lavage

bronchial washing

A

Fluid is injected and withdrawn

52
Q

bronchial brushing

A

A brush is inserted through the bronchoscope and is used to scrape off tissue

53
Q

endobronchial ultrasound

A

Performed during bronchoscopy to diagnose and stage lung cancer

54
Q

CT pulmonary angiography

A

Combination of CT scanning and angiography to examine the pulmonary circulation in the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism

55
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

56
Q

laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination of the voice box

57
Q

lung biopsy

A

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

58
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

59
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFT’s)

A

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs; airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

60
Q

spirometer

A

Measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lung

61
Q

obstructive lung disease

A

Airways are narrowed which results in resistance to air flow during breathing

62
Q

restrictive lung disease

A

Expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself

63
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

64
Q

thoracotomy

A

Large surgical incision of the chest

65
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

66
Q

video-assisted thoracic surgery

A

Allows the surgeon to view the chest from a video monitor

67
Q

tracheostomy

A

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

68
Q

tuberculin test

A

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction

69
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

A flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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