Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System: Bone Pathology

Question 1

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 1

Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Question 2

exostosis

Answer 2

Bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

Question 3

osteochondromas

Answer 3

Composed of cartilage and bone; benign exostoses found on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates

Question 4

bunion

Answer 4

Swelling of metatarsophalangeal joint near the base of the big toe; accompanied by the buildup of soft tissue and underlying bone at the distal medial aspect of the first metatarsal

Question 5

fracture

Answer 5

Traumatic breaking of a bone

Question 6

simple (closed) fracture

Answer 6

Bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin

Question 7

compound (open) fracture

Answer 7

Bone is broken and a fragment of the bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin

Question 8

crepitus

Answer 8

Crackling sound produced when ends of bones rub each other or rub against roughened cartilage

Question 9

reduction

Answer 9

Restoration of the bone to its normal position

Question 10

closed reduction

Answer 10

Manipulative reduction without a surgical incision

Question 11

open reduction

Answer 11

An incision is made for access to the fracture site to treat a fracture

Question 12

cast

Answer 12

Solid mold of the body part applied to fractures to immobilize the injured bone after a closed reduction

Question 13

osteogenic sarcoma

osteosarcoma

Answer 13

Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

Question 14

osteomalacia

Answer 14

Softening of the bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Question 15

osteomyelitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Question 16

rickets

Answer 16

osteomalacia

Question 17

abscess

Answer 17

Walled-off area of infection that can be difficult or impossible to penetrate with antibiotics

Question 18

osteoporosis

Answer 18

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

Question 19

osteopenia

Answer 19

Condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal

Question 20

kyphosis

Answer 20

Loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region

Question 21

talipes

Answer 21

Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus). Also known as clubfoot