Chapter 4: Prefixes: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards
apnea
Not breathing
anoxia
Without oxygen (decrease in tissues)
abnormal
Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular
abductor
One who (muscle which) leads away from the body
adductor
One who (muscle which) leads towards the body
adrenal glands
Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys
anabolism
Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells
analysis
To separate (apart)
ante cibum
Before meals
anteflextion
Bending forward
antepartum
Before birth
antibiotic
Pertaining to against life (germ life)
antibody
Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens
antigen
A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies
antisepsis
Condition against infection
antitoxin
A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin
autoimmune disease
A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one’s own cells and tissues
bifurication
Forking (branching) into two
bilateral
Pertaining to two sides
bradycardia
Condition of slow heartbeat
catabolism
Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells
congenital anomaly
Irregularity at birth
connective
To tie (bind) together
contraindication
To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken
contralateral
Pertaining to the opposite side
dehydration
Condition of lack of water
diameter
To measure through
diarrhea
To flow through; water is now properly absorbed through the walls of the colon
dialysis
Complete separation
dyspnea
Difficult breathing
dysentery
Abnormal and painful condition of the intestines
dysplasia
Abnormal development or formation
ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes)
endocardium
Inner lining (membrane) of the heart
endoscope
Instrument to view within the body
endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea
epithelium
Skin cell
euphoria
Good feeling
euthyroid
Normal thyroid function
exophthalmos
Eyeballs that protrude
hemiglossectomy
Removal of half the tongue
hyperglycemia
Increase in blood sugar
hyperplasia
Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells)
hypertrophy
Increase in development; increase in size of cells
hypodermic injection
Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin
hypoglycemia
Decrease in blood sugar
insomniac
Pertaining to inability to sleep
incision
Process of cutting into; sectioning
infracostal
Pertaining to below ribs
intercostal
Pertaining to between the ribs
intravenous
Pertaining to within a vein
macrocephaly
Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly
malaise
Feeling of discomfort
malignant
Harmful, bad, cancerous condition
metacarpal bones
Five hand bones (beyond the wrist)
metamorphosis
Condition of change of shape or form
metastasis
Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor
microscope
Instrument to view small objects
netonatal
Pertaining to a newborn
neoplasm
New growth; new formation (tumor)
pancytopenia
Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells)
paralysis
Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function
parathyroid glands
Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side) of the thyroid gland
percutaneous
Pertaining to through the skin
pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart
polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell
polyneuritis
Inflammation of many nerves
postmortem
After death
precancerous
Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous
prenatal
Pertaining to before birth
prodrome
Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness
prolapse
Sliding forward or downward
prothesis
Artificial limb or part of the body
relapse
A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease
remission
To send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease
recombinant DNA
Inserting a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another organism
retroperitoneal
Pertaining to behind the peritoneum
retroflexion
Bending backward
subcutaneous
Pertaining to under the skin
suprapubic
Pertaining to above the pubic bone
syndactyly
Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly
synthesis
To put or place together
syndrome
A group of symptoms that can run (occur) together
symbiosis
Condition or state of “life together”; two organisms living together for mutual benefit
symmetry
State of “measurement together”; equality of parts; mirror images
symphysis
To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint
symptom
A subjective change in condition as perceived by the patient
tachypnea
Rapid breathing
transfusion
To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another
transurethral
Pertaining to through the urethra
ultrasonography
Process of recording ultrasound waves
unilateral
Pertaining to one side
