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NUC0520 MED100c Terminology > Chapter 5: Digestive System: Pronunciation of Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Digestive System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream

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2
Q

achlorhydria

A

Absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice

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3
Q

amino acids

A

The chief constituents of proteins, these are acids that contribute to protein synthesis.

They are formed when large protein molecules are digested.

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4
Q

amylase

A

The enzyme that digests or breaks down starch into simple substance

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5
Q

anastomosis

A

An opening between two tubular organs

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6
Q

anus

A

The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

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7
Q

appendectomy

A

Removal or excision of the appendix

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8
Q

appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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9
Q

appendix

A

Small, slender sac near the beginning of the colon in the RLQ of the abdomen

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10
Q

bile

A

Yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Helps digest fats

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11
Q

biliary

A

Pertaining to bile or affecting the bile ducts

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12
Q

bilirubin

A

A yellow-orange pigment found in bile

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13
Q

bowel

A

Intestine

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14
Q

buccal mucosa

A

Mucous membrane lining the cheek

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15
Q

canine teeth

A

Four point dog-like teeth. Each canine or cusped tooth is third from the midline of the jaw

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16
Q

cecal

A

Pertaining to the cecum which is the first part of the large intestine

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17
Q

cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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18
Q

celiac

A

Pertaining to the abdoment

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19
Q

cheilitis

A

Inflammation of the lip

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20
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Excision or removal of the gallbladder

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21
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct

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22
Q

choledochojejunostomy

A

Surgical anastomosis (create a new opening) between the common bile duct and the jejunum

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23
Q

choledochotomy

A

Incision of the common bile duct

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24
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of forming gallstones

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25
Q

colon

A

Large intestine

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26
Q

colonic

A

Pertaining to the colon

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27
Q

colonoscopy

A

Visual endoscopic examination of the colon

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28
Q

colostomy

A

New opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

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29
Q

common bile duct

A

Tube carrying bile from the gallbladder and liver into the first part of the small intestine

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30
Q

defecation

A

Eliminating of wastes and undigested foods through the rectum

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31
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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32
Q

dentibuccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek and teeth

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33
Q

dentin

A

The chief substance of teeth; surrounding the pulp and covered by enamel of the crown

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34
Q

digestion

A

The process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances that can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine

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35
Q

duodenal

A

Pertaining to the duodenum

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36
Q

duodenum

A

The first part of the small intestine

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37
Q

dysentery

A

Painful inflammation of the intestines, usually the colon

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38
Q

elimination

A

Discharge from the body of indigestible materials or wastes

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39
Q

emulsification

A

Breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles

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40
Q

enamel

A

White, compact and hard substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth

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41
Q

endodontist

A

A dentist specializing in the inner parts of the tooth

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42
Q

enterocolitis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine and colon

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43
Q

enterocolostomy

A

New surgical connection between parts of the small intestine and colon; anastomosis

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44
Q

enzyme

A

Protein that speeds up the rate of the biochemical reaction

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45
Q

esophageal

A

Pertaining to the esophagus

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46
Q

esophagus

A

Tube that carries food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach

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47
Q

fatty acids

A

Substances that are produced when fats are digested. They combine with glycerol to form fat

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48
Q

facial

A

Pertaining to the face

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49
Q

feces

A

Solid wastes; stools

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50
Q

gallbladder

A

Small sac lying below the liver in which the bile is stored

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51
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

The tubular system relating to the stomach and intestine beginning with the mouth and ending with the anus

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52
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

New surgical opening between the stomach and jejunum.

The procedure is part of a gastric bypass surgery.

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53
Q

gastrostomy

A

New opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

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54
Q

gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

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55
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver

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56
Q

glucose

A

Simple sugar necessary as a source of energy for body cells

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57
Q

glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose; it produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells

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58
Q

glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to release sugar

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59
Q

hepatoma

A

Tumor (malignant) of liver cells; hepatocellular carcinoma

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60
Q

hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver

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61
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

Strong acid, present in a dilute form in the stomach; aids in digestion

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62
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream; jaundice

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63
Q

hyperglycemia

A

High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; diabetes mellitus

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64
Q

hypoglossal

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

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65
Q

ileitis

A

Inflammation of the ileum

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66
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

Ring of muscles that are between the ileum and the cecum

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67
Q

ileostomy

A

Surgical construction of an artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall

68
Q

ileum

A

Third and final portion of the small intestine

69
Q

insulin

A

Hormone secreted by specialized cells in the pancreas.

Facilitates transport of sugar from the blood into body cells

70
Q

jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine

71
Q

labial

A

Pertaining to the lip

72
Q

laparoscopy

A

Visual endoscopic examination of the abdomen and abdominal organs through small abdominal incisions

73
Q

lipase

A

Enzyme that digests fats; produced by cells in the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum

74
Q

lithogenesis

A

Formation of stone (calculi)

75
Q

liver

A

Large, reddish-brown organ in the RUQ of the abdomen. It secretes bile, forms blood proteins and metabolizes fats, proteins and sugars

76
Q

lower esophageal sphincter

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

77
Q

mastication

A

Process of chewing

78
Q

mesentery

A

Membrane that holds the intestine together; a fold of the peritoneum attaching the small intestine to the dorsal body wall

79
Q

oral

A

Pertaining to the mouth

80
Q

orthodontist

A

Dentist specializing in straightening teeth

81
Q

palate

A

Roof of the mouth

82
Q

palatopharyngoplasty

A

A procedure used to treat cases of snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose

83
Q

palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the palate

84
Q

pancreas

A

Gland under and behind the stomach; produces enzymes to digest foods and the hormone insulin to transport sugar to cells

85
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation the pancreas

86
Q

papillae

A

Small elevations on the surface of the tongue containing taste buds

87
Q

parenteral

A

Pertaining to by some route other than through gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection

88
Q

parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

89
Q

perianal

A

Pertaining to surrounding the anus

90
Q

periodontist

A

Dentist specializing in treating the gums

91
Q

peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

92
Q

peristalsis

A

Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures

93
Q

pharyngeal

A

Pertaining to the pharynx or throat

94
Q

pharynx

A

Throat; common passageway for food from the mouth

95
Q

portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

96
Q

postprandial

A

After meals

97
Q

proctologist

A

Specialist in the study of the anus and the rectum

98
Q

protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

99
Q

pulp

A

Soft tissue with a tooth containing nerves and blood vessels

100
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscles that surround the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

101
Q

pyloroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

102
Q

pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach near the duodenum

103
Q

rectocele

A

Hernia of the wall of the rectum

104
Q

rectum

A

Final section of the colon

105
Q

rugae

A

Folds or creases in the mucous membrane of the stomach or the hard palate of the mouth

106
Q

saliva

A

Enzyme-containing digestive juice secreted by salivary glands

107
Q

salivary glands

A

Three (3) pairs of exocrine glands secreting saliva into the mouth: parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular glands

108
Q

sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland

109
Q

sialolith

A

Salivary gland stone; lodged in a saliva gland or duct

110
Q

sigmoid colon

A

Distal, lower end of the colon

111
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

Visual endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon

112
Q

sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that surrounds an opening or orifice

113
Q

steatorrhea

A

Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat

114
Q

stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth

115
Q

sublingual

A

Pertaining to under the tongue

116
Q

submandibular

A

Pertaining to under the lower jaw (mandible)

117
Q

triglycerides

A

Chief form of fat (lipids) in body cells

118
Q

uvula

A

Small, fleshy mass hanging from the soft palate at the back of the mouth

119
Q

uvulectomy

A

Removal of the uvula

120
Q

villi

A

Fingerlike, microscopic projections on the inner surface of the small intestine; sites of absorption of foods and fluids

121
Q

achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter to relax; dilation of the esophagus and loss of peristalsis occurs

122
Q

anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

123
Q

anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

124
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores

125
Q

ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

126
Q

borborygmus

A

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by hyperactive movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract

127
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of gallstones

128
Q

cirrhosis

A

Chronic, degenerative disease of the liver

129
Q

colonic polyposis

A

Benign growths protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

130
Q

colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum or both

131
Q

constipation

A

Difficulty in passing feces

132
Q

Chron disease

A

Inflammatory bowel disease marked by diarrhea, pain, fever, weakness, and weight loss

133
Q

dental caries

A

Tooth decary

134
Q

diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

135
Q

diverticula

A

Small, pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of a tubular organ such as the colon

136
Q

diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticula

137
Q

diverticulosis

A

Abnormal condition of diverticula without inflammation

138
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

139
Q

eructation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

140
Q

esophageal varices

A

Swollen, twisted veins at the lower end of the esophagus

141
Q

etiology

A

Study of the cause of disease

142
Q

flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus

143
Q

gastric carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach

144
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

Backflow of solids and liquid against its normal direction of movement

145
Q

hematochezia

A

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum

146
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

147
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus. Painful, fluid-filled blisters are produced by the infection and known as cold sores or fever blisters

148
Q

hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach upward through the diaphragm

149
Q

icterus

A

Jaundice; yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

150
Q

idiopathic

A

Pertaining to unknown cause of disease

151
Q

ileus

A

Failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines

152
Q

inflammatory bowel disease

A

Severe inflammation of the small and large intestines

153
Q

inguinal hernia

A

A small loop of the bowel protrudes through a weakened lower abdominal muscle

154
Q

intussusception

A

One portion of the intestine slips into an adjoinining part; telescoping of the intestines

155
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating) associated with stress and tension

156
Q

jaundice

A

Yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from excess bilirubin in the blood

157
Q

melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood

158
Q

nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

159
Q

odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing

160
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth

161
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

162
Q

periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

163
Q

peptic ulcer

A

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum

164
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammation of the colon and rectum with the presence of ulcers

165
Q

viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

166
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine upon itself

NUC0520 MED100c Terminology (131 decks)

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