Chapter 7: The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein - Transcription Flashcards
1
Q
What are two parts of gene expression?
A
transcription and translation
2
Q
What is transcription?
A
- information stored in DNA is copied into RNA
3
Q
What is translation?
A
- information in RNA is decoded to make a protein
4
Q
What does transcription synthesize?
A
- RNA from a DNA template
5
Q
The sequence of RNA in transcription is ____ to a gene
A
- complementary
- except if it contains U instead of T
6
Q
What is mRNA used for?
A
- carries information for making a specific protein
7
Q
What is rRNA used for?
A
- forms part of the ribosome
8
Q
What is tRNA used for?
A
- transports specific amino acids for protein
9
Q
What are the 3 steps of transcription?
A
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
10
Q
What occurs in initiation of transcription? (4)
A
- RNA polymerase binds to the gene at the promoter
- separates (melts) the two strands
- only one DNA strand is copied (the template)
- The template is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction so RNA can be made in the 5’ to 3’ direction
11
Q
What occurs in elongation? (2)
A
- RNA polymerase moves along the template, synthesizing new RNA
- allows DNA to rewind behind it
12
Q
What occurs in termination?
A
- When RNA polymerase encounters the terminator (end of the gene), it falls off the template and releases the newly synthesized RNA
13
Q
Information in mRNA must be translated to make proteins. How is this information organized?
A
- organized into sets of 3 nucleotides called codons
14
Q
What does each codon specify?
A
- specifies an AA to be added during protein synthesis
ex. GCC specifies AA glycine
15
Q
What does the sequence of codons in mRNA determine?
A
- sequence of AA in the protein
