Chapter 25: Blood and Lymphatic Infections - Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system include? (3)

Answer 1

• blood
• blood vessels
• heart

Question 2

What does lymphatic system include? (4)

Answer 2

• lymph
• lymph vessels
• lymph nodes
• lymphoid organs

Question 3

What resides in the lymph nodes?

Answer 3

macrophages

Question 4

What do macrophages do in the lymph nodes?

Answer 4

• filter out invading pathogens as they pass through

Question 5

What is bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 5

• inflammation of the heart

Question 6

what occurs in bacterial endocarditis? (4)

Answer 6

1. bacteria have to enter into the blood
   ex. S. mutans enters during dental surgery
2. can then stick to pre-existing lesions
   ex. damage caused by rheumatic fever or congenital heart defects

Question 7

What are symptoms of bacterial endocarditis? (4)

Answer 7

• fever
• heart murmur
• tissue damage
• death

Question 8

how can you treat bacterial endocarditis? (2)

Answer 8

• antibiotics
• surgical removal of clots and abscesses

Question 9

How can you prevent bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 9

• antibiotics
  ex. antibiotics given directly after dental surgery

Question 10

What is sepsis?

Answer 10

• a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response caused by bacteria or their products in the blood
  ex. Klebsiella pneumoniae’s endotoxin

Question 11

What can sepsis lead to, and what is it?

Answer 11

• septic shock
• sudden decrease in blood pressure

Question 12

How does sepsis occur? (2)

Answer 12

• usually begins as an infection elsewhere in the body
  ex. pneumonia, UTI, surgical wound
• often occurs as a nosocomial infection

Question 13

How can you treat sepsis?

Answer 13

bacteriostatic antibiotics
- but resistance is a problem ex. KPC
in lecture, we use bacteriostatic cuz if we used bacteriocidal, we will kill the cell and release endotoxins that will cause septic shock

Question 14

how can you prevent sepsis? (2)

Answer 14

• identify and treat localized infection’s before they become systemic
• control pathogens like KPC in the hospital

Question 15

What bacteria causes Pseudomonas infection?

Answer 15

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 16

Why is Pseudomonas aeruginosa an opportunistic pathogen?

Answer 16

• grows in dead tissues and around wounds

Question 17

What does Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce?

Answer 17

• blue-green pigment, characteristic of burn infections

Question 18

Why can P. aeruginosa lead to septic shock? (2)

Answer 18

• May enter the blood
• gram negative produces endotoxin

Question 19

How can you treat P. aeruginosa? (2)

Answer 19

• difficult bc P. aeruginosa is naturally resistant to many antibiotics
• IV antibiotics administered at high doses

Question 20

How can you prevent P. aeruginosa? (2)

Answer 20

• difficult bc it is naturally resistant to many disinfectants
• removal of dead tissue, and topical antibiotic treatments