Chapter 3: Cell Structure: Internal Structures Flashcards
1
Q
What is the cytoplasm?
A
The substance inside the plasma membrane
2
Q
What is the cytoplasm composed of? (5)
A
- About 80% water
- contains most of the “stuff” needed for life
- sugars, AA, nucleotides, etc.
- enzymes
- some functional structures
3
Q
What does the nucleoid contain? (3)
A
- bacterial chromosome (DNA)
- may also contain plasmids
- not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
4
Q
What is a bacterial Chromosome (DNA)?
A
- all the genetic information required for cell’s structure and functions
5
Q
What are plasmids?
A
- smaller, double stranded DNA molecules
- contain non-essential genes
Ex. Genes for antibiotic resistance
6
Q
How do bacteria replicate?
A
Binary fission
7
Q
How will coiled DNA migrate in gel electrophoresis?
A
Will not migrate, only linear will migrate
8
Q
What are ribosomes?
A
- site of protein synthesis
9
Q
What are ribosomes made of?
A
Protein and rRNA
10
Q
What are the two subunits of bacterial ribosomes, and what do they form? (3)
A
- 30S subunit
- 50S subunit
- they form the complete 70S ribosome
11
Q
How do ribosomes of bacteria differ from eukaryotic robosomes?
A
- Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes
12
Q
What targets bacterial ribosomes? (3)
A
- several antibiotics
- streptomycin, erythromycin
- prevent the bacteria from making new proteins
13
Q
What are storage granules (inclusion bodies) ?
A
- usually deposits or granules of nutrients, stored for later use
14
Q
What are some examples of storage granules (inclusion bodies)? (5)
A
- sulfur granules
- polysaccharides (glycogen)
- lipid inclusions
- enzymes
- magnetite
15
Q
What is the function of storage granules?
A
- a variety of inclusion bodies occur in different bacterial species
- can serve as a basis for identification
