Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections - Lower Bacterial Flashcards
What are common symptoms of bacterial diseases of the lower digestive system? (3)
- gastroenteritis
- Diarrhea
- Dysentary
- Intoxication
What is gastroenteristis?
- inflammation of the stomach and intestine
What is dysentary?
- severe diarrhea accompanied by blood and mucus
What is intoxication?
- ingestion of toxins in food
What occurs in intoxication? (2)
Very sudden appearance of symptoms
- rarely involves fever
What occurs in the lower digestive system after ingestion of bacteria? (3)
- food borne infection
- incubation period while pathogen increases in number
- often involves fever
What bacterium causes cholera?
- Vibrio cholerae
Where does Vibrio cholerae live? (2)
- brackish (salty) water
- spreads easily in freshwater
How is cholera transmitted?
- fecal contamination of food and water
How does cholera infect the body? (3)
- Bacteria that survive passage through the stomach colonize the small intestine
- Produces cholera toxin (an enterotoxin)
- Causes intestinal secrete water and electrolytes
What are the symptoms of cholera? (3)
- extremely water diarrhea:
- up to 20 L of fluid lost per day
- causes shock, collapse, death from dehydration
How can you treat cholera? (2)
- rehydration therapy (clean drinking water)
- nearly 100% survival rate
How can you prevent cholera?
- sanitation and chlorinated drinking water
What bacterium causes shingles?
- shigella (close relative of E. coli)
How is shegellosis transmitted?
- through food and water contaminated with human feces
What happens after transmission of shigellosis? (2)
- bacteria multiply inside macrophages and invade intestinal epithelial cells
- inflammtion and cell death causes dysentery (bloody diarrhea)
what do some strains of shigellosis produce? (3)
- Shiga toxin
- a cytotoxin that kills cells in small blood vessels and kidneys
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
How do you treat shigellosis?
- antibiotics combined with rehydration therapy
How can you prevent shigellosis?
- Proper sanitation
What bacteria causes salmonellosis?
Non-typhoidal salmonella
How is salmonella transmitted?
- food contaminated with animal feces
How does salmonellaenter the intestine?
- bacteria uses invasins to enter epithelial cells in the intestine
- endotoxin causes inflammation
What are symptoms of salmonella? (4)
- fever
- nausea
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
How do you treat salmonellosis?
- rehydration therapy
- cuz antibiotics may do more harm than good
