Chapter 20: Antibacterial Drugs continued Flashcards
What do protein synthesis inhibitors do? (2)
- prevent translation
- can have adverse effects on host cells
What type of ribosomes do bacteria, eukaryotes, and mitochondria have?
bacteria have 70s
Eukaryotes have 80s (in cytoplasm)
mitochondria have 70s
What antibacterial drugs are protein synthesis inhibitors?
- Chloramphenicol
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- Macroslides
What antibacterial drugs are protein synthesis inhibitors? (4)
- Chloramphenicol
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- Macroslides
What are characteristics of chloramphenicol? (4)
- extremely effective
- extremely cheap
- extremely toxic
- occasionally used in eye drops for conjunctivitis
in lecture, what does chloramphenicol induce?
- anemia cuz u cant produce RBC
In diagram in slide 5, what do macrophages and chloramphenicol do?
- macrophage prevent the continuation of protein synthesis
- chloramphenicol prevents the peptide bonds from being formed
Name 4 aminoglycosides.
- streptomycin
- gentamicin
- neomycin
- tobramycin
What are aminoglycosides? (3)
- broad spectrum
- useful against gram -
- can be toxic and lead to kidney damage
Giv an example of an aminoglycoside and what is causes
- opportunistic Pseudomonas sp.
- causes infections in cystic fibrosis
What are tetracyclines? (3)
- broad spectrum
- penetrate host tissues well
- can be used against chlamydia
What do tetracyclines suppress? (2)
- can suppress microbiota of intestinal tract
- lead to superinfections
Are tetracyclines toxic? (3)
- they can be
- leads to yellowing of teeth in children
- liver damage
just an fyi, these are always put in brown vials
If you are allergic to penicillin, what would doctors give you instead? this was in lecture
tetracyclines
What are macroslides? (2)
- narrow spectrum for gram positives
- does not penetrate the outer membrane of most gram negatives
When would macroslides be used?
often used for people who are allergic to penicillins
What is an example of a macroslide?
erythomycin
What two antibacterial drugs are used to injure the plasma membrane?
- polymixin B
- Lipopeptides
What is polymixin B? (2)
- bacteriocidal, but toxic
- generally used only in topical treatments
note that polysporin had this
What are lipopeptides? (3)
- narrow spectrum against gram positives
- one of the newest antibiotics
- approved to treat MRSA
What two antibacterial drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
- rifamycins
- Fluoroquinolones
What are rifamycins?
- blocks transcription (no mRNA, no protein)
- able to penetrate host tissues well
What are rifamycins used to treat? Give examples of drugs
- tuberculosis and leprosy
ex. rifampin, rifampicin
What are fluoroquinolones?
- inhibit bacterial DNA replication (cells cannot divide)
- useful for fighting pathogenic E. coli (gram -) and anthrax (+) (therefore broad spectrum)
ex. ciprofloxacin
What would be a problem with fluoroquinolones?
- resistant bacteriaq develop quickly
