Chapter 6: Microbial Metabolism continued: enzymes and Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards
1
Q
What is the collision theory? (3)
A
- all atoms and molecules are continuously moving and colliding
- chemical bonds can be broken
- new bonds can be formed
ex. AB –> A + B overall energy is released
2
Q
What is activation energy?
A
- collision energy needed for chemical reaction
3
Q
What are 3 ways to increase reaction rate?
A
- increase temperature
- increase pressure
- enzymes (living systems)
4
Q
What are enzymes? (3)
A
- serve as catalysts
- speed up chemical reaction without being permanently altered
- lower activation energy
5
Q
Enzymes act on specific substrates, meaning?
A
- each enzyme catalyzes only one reaction
6
Q
enzymatic reactions occur up to __ times faster that without enzymes. Some can process up to ___ reactions per second.
A
- 10 billion
- 500 000
7
Q
What is the most common carbohydrate used for energy?
A
- glucose
in lecture, the first source of energy for ATP is glucose (carbs, lipids, proteins is the order that cells use larger compounds to create energy)
8
Q
What two processes can be used to break down glucose?
A
- cellular respiration (glycolysis, krebs, ox. phos)
- fermentation
9
Q
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
A
- ATP is formed when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP
ex. PEP to PYR
10
Q
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
A
- uses O2 to oxidize the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 in order to generate ATP
11
Q
What occurs in oxidative phosphorylation?
A
- ATP is made by a mechanical process where ADP and Pi are smashed together in ATP synthase
- occurs in ETC on the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Water is produced in this process as O2 is reduced
12
Q
In lecture, what are important factors to consider about oxidative phosphorylation? (5)
A
- only in aerobic conditions
- eukaryotes = mitochondria
prokaryotes = chloroplasts
gram + - inner cell membrane
gram - - cell membrane
