Chapter 25: Blood and Lymphatic Infections - Bacterial disease 2 Flashcards
What bacteria causes the plague?
Yersinia pestis
What is the plague?
- mainly a disease of rats and other rodents
How is the plague transmitted?
- transmitted to humans by flea bites
How does Yersinia pestis infect a human? (3)
- Bacterium enters the blood and lymph
- Can survive and multiply inside of phagocytic cells
- Lymph nodes in the groin and armpits become enlarged
Lymph nodes in the groin and armpits become enlarged. What are these swellings called?
buboes - bubonic plague
What happens if you do not treat the plague?
causes death in 50-80% of patients
How is the Pneumonic plague transmitted?
- spread by respiratory droplets
What are the symptoms of the pneumonic plague? (2)
- pneumonia- like
- nearly 100% fatal within 3 days
How can you treat the plague (pneumonic and in general)?
- antibiotics
How can you prevent antibiotics?
- pest control
what is infectious mononucleosis commonly known as?
Epstein-Barr virus
how is infectious mononucleosis transmitted? (2)
- Direct or indirect contact
- kissing, sharing drinks
When does infedction of Epstein-Barr virus occur? (2)
- in most of the world, infection occurs in early childhood but asymptomatic
- in North America, infection occurs in early adulthood
what are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis? (4)
- fatigue
- sore throat
- swollen lymph nodes
- more intense immune response
these are all for adulthood north america btw
What occurs to cells in Epstein-Barr virus? (3)
- Virus targets B cells
- Tc cells actively destroy B cells, so Ab mediated immunity is weakened
- disease lasts for months, immune system is repaired
What type of infection is infectious mononucleosis?
latent
Since Epstein-Barr is a latent infection, what other diseases does it lead to? (5)
- Burkitt’s lymphoma
- chronic fatigue syndrome
- MS
-Hodgkin’s disease - nasopharyngeal cancer
What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever?
- zoonotic disease, the reservoir is likely a fruit bat
note that zoonotic means animals can sometimes carry harmful germs that can spread to people and cause illness
How is Ebola transmitted? (3)
- can be transmitted to humans when fruit bats are handled
- highly contagious
- can be transferred between humans through direct or indirect contact with infected blood
What are symptoms of Ebola? (4)
- high fever
- vomiting blood
- bleeding profusely - internal and external openings (nose, eyes)
- multiple organ failure
Is ebola fatal?
fatal in greater than 50% of cases
