Chapter 25: Blood and Lymphatic Infections - Bacterial disease 2

Question 1

What bacteria causes the plague?

Answer 1

Yersinia pestis

Question 2

What is the plague?

Answer 2

• mainly a disease of rats and other rodents

Question 3

How is the plague transmitted?

Answer 3

• transmitted to humans by flea bites

Question 4

How does Yersinia pestis infect a human? (3)

Answer 4

1. Bacterium enters the blood and lymph
2. Can survive and multiply inside of phagocytic cells
3. Lymph nodes in the groin and armpits become enlarged

Question 5

Lymph nodes in the groin and armpits become enlarged. What are these swellings called?

Answer 5

buboes - bubonic plague

Question 6

What happens if you do not treat the plague?

Answer 6

causes death in 50-80% of patients

Question 7

How is the Pneumonic plague transmitted?

Answer 7

• spread by respiratory droplets

Question 8

What are the symptoms of the pneumonic plague? (2)

Answer 8

• pneumonia- like
• nearly 100% fatal within 3 days

Question 9

How can you treat the plague (pneumonic and in general)?

Answer 9

• antibiotics

Question 10

How can you prevent antibiotics?

Answer 10

• pest control

Question 11

what is infectious mononucleosis commonly known as?

Answer 11

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 12

how is infectious mononucleosis transmitted? (2)

Answer 12

• Direct or indirect contact
• kissing, sharing drinks

Question 13

When does infedction of Epstein-Barr virus occur? (2)

Answer 13

• in most of the world, infection occurs in early childhood but asymptomatic
• in North America, infection occurs in early adulthood

Question 14

what are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis? (4)

Answer 14

• fatigue
• sore throat
• swollen lymph nodes
• more intense immune response
  these are all for adulthood north america btw

Question 15

What occurs to cells in Epstein-Barr virus? (3)

Answer 15

1. Virus targets B cells
2. Tc cells actively destroy B cells, so Ab mediated immunity is weakened
3. disease lasts for months, immune system is repaired

Question 16

What type of infection is infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 16

latent

Question 17

Since Epstein-Barr is a latent infection, what other diseases does it lead to? (5)

Answer 17

• Burkitt’s lymphoma
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• MS
  -Hodgkin’s disease
• nasopharyngeal cancer

Question 18

What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 18

• zoonotic disease, the reservoir is likely a fruit bat
  note that zoonotic means animals can sometimes carry harmful germs that can spread to people and cause illness

Question 19

How is Ebola transmitted? (3)

Answer 19

• can be transmitted to humans when fruit bats are handled
• highly contagious
• can be transferred between humans through direct or indirect contact with infected blood

Question 20

What are symptoms of Ebola? (4)

Answer 20

• high fever
• vomiting blood
• bleeding profusely - internal and external openings (nose, eyes)
• multiple organ failure

Question 21

Is ebola fatal?

Answer 21

fatal in greater than 50% of cases