Chapter 15: Adaptive Immune Response Flashcards
How can we acquire our adaptive immune response?
- naturally or artificially
What is natural adaptive immunity?
- an organism or toxin enters the body and promotes an immune response
- in lecture, not against some mutations)
What is artificial adaptive immunity?
- results from immunization with a vaccine
Which of the two adaptive responses (natural and artificial) have memory and are specific?
both have memory and are specific
What does it mean for your adaptive immune response to be specific? (3)
- immune response protects against one pathogen
- does not protect against other pathogens
- but the only exception is when two pathogens are very closely related
ex. smallpox and cowpox
What does it mean for your adaptive immune response to have memory? (2)
- results in a much stronger response upon re-exposure
- long term immunity, possibly for life
in lecture, some antibodies decrease over time (booster shot)
What are two general responses against ANTIGENS?
- humoral and cell-mediated response
What are antigens?
- molecules that interact specifically with the adaptive immune system and elicit an adaptive response
What are exogenous antigens?
- come from outside
- ex. bacteria, viruses, toxins
What are endogeneous antigens?
- generated inside a body cell
Which cell produces antibodies?
B cells
What cells are involved in humoral response (Antibody mediated)?
- B cells
What is the function of B cells?
- detect exogenous antigens and proliferate to form plasma cells
What are antibodies?
- small protective molecules
- bind to surface of bacteria. viruses, toxins, etc.
What cells are included in cell mediated response?
- Helper T cells (TH)
- Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
What are helper T cells? (2)
- direct and assist adaptive immunity and upregulate innate immunity
- in lecture, they recognize protein CD4
What are cytotoxic T cells?
- destroy abnormal body cells
- ex. cells infected by viruses, cancer cells
