Chapter 7: The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein: DNA intro Flashcards
1
Q
What is the central dogma of biology?
A
- genetic info flows from DNA to RNA to protein, or RNA to protein
2
Q
What is genetics the study of?
A
- heredity
3
Q
What is molecular biology?
A
- the science dealing with NA and protein sysnthesis
4
Q
What is a genome?
A
- the total DNA contained in the cell
5
Q
What does the genome consist of? (2)
A
- chromosomes and any plasmids
6
Q
What do chromosomes contain?
A
- genes
7
Q
What are genes?
A
- sections of DNA that code for a functional product
8
Q
What is DNA?
A
a macromolecule made of nucleotides
9
Q
Each DNA nucleotide consists of? (3)
A
- nitrogenous base (ATGC)
- sugar (deoxyribose, labelled 1’ to 5’)
- phosphate
10
Q
How is DNA in a double helix shape?
A
- two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
- note base pairing rule (A to T, G to C)
10
Q
How is DNA in a double helix shape? (3)
A
- two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
- note base pairing rule (A to T, G to C)
- antiparallel
11
Q
Strands of DNA are complementary, which means what?
A
- sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the other
12
Q
Who discovered the double helix shape?
A
Watson and Crick
13
Q
The nucleotides in DNA are held together by what type of bonds?
A
- phosphodiester bonds
14
Q
How do the nucleotides of DNA join togethr?
A
- 5’ carbon of one nucleotide is joined to a 3’ carbon of the next nucleotide, with a phosphate between them
