Chapter 3: Cell Structure - Eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
What microorganisms are eukaryotes? (3)
A
- algae
- fungi
- protozoa
2
Q
What higher organisms are eukaryotes? (2)
A
- plants
- animals
3
Q
How are eukaryotes different from prokaryotes? (3)
A
- larger and more complex than prokaryotes
- genetic material is housed in a nucleus
- contains membrane-bound organelles
4
Q
What does the eukaryotic cell membrane contain? (3)
A
- same basic structure as in prokaryotic cells
- phospholipids, proteins, and sterols
5
Q
What do the sterols in the cell membrane do?
A
- makes the membrane relatively rigid in comparison to bacteria
6
Q
What is the function of the cell wall?
A
- not all eukaryotes have a cell wall
- allows for endocytosis
7
Q
What is the structure of the eukaryotic cell wall? (2)
A
- simple in structure compared to bacteria
- cellulose (algae and plants)
- chitin (fungi)
8
Q
What is the cytoplasm?
A
- substance inside the plasma membrane but outside the nuclear membrane
9
Q
The cytoplasm has a complex internal structure called the _____.
A
cytoskeleton
10
Q
What is the cytoskeleton?
A
- protein filaments on the inside of the plasma mebrane
11
Q
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
A
- provides support and shape
- transports substances through the cell
12
Q
What is different about ribosomes in eukaryotes than in bacteria? (2)
A
- larger and heavier
80S
13
Q
What are microfilaments made of, and who do they interact with?
A
- made of strands of protein called actin
- interact with other strands of protein
14
Q
What are intermediate filaments?
A
- fibrous proteins organized into tough, ropelike assemblies that stabilize a cell’s structure and help maintain its shape
15
Q
What are microtubules?
A
- long, hollow cylinders made of many molecules of tubulin
- tubulin consists of two subunits, aplha and beta tubulin
