Chapter 21: Respiratory System Infections - Viral Diseases (Cold + Influenza) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the common cold (nasopharyngitis)? (2)
A
- inflammation of nose and throat
- symptoms are sneezing, nasal congestion
2
Q
How would you treat a cold? (2)
A
- self-resolving in about a week cuz no treatment or vaccine available
- treatments would try to lessen symptoms
3
Q
Does exposure to the cold result in lasting immunity? Why or Why not? (3)
A
- yes, but there are at least 8 other groups, such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, etc.
- each group has several types (rhino - 113)
- over 200 different colds possible
4
Q
What are the symptoms of influenza (Flu)? (4)
A
- fever
- malaise (body aches)
- chest cough
- cold-like symptoms appear as fever subsides
5
Q
What type of virus is influenza? (2)
A
- enveloped RNA virus
- 8 segments
6
Q
What two types of spikes (antigens) are in influenza?
A
- Hemagglutinin (H antigen)
- Neuraminidase (N antigen)
7
Q
What is the function of hemagglutinin?
A
- used for attachment
8
Q
What is the function of Neuraminidase?
A
- allows virus to exit infected cells
9
Q
What do neuraminidase inhibitors target?
A
- tamiflu
- relenza
10
Q
What is H1N1? H1N5?
A
swine flu, bird flu
11
Q
There are genetic changes in influenza, caused by antigenic drift. What is that?
A
- minor mutations in the H-antigen or N-antigen
12
Q
What does antigenic drift result in?
A
- annual flu variations
- number designation does not change though
- vaccine or immunity becomes less effective
13
Q
In antigenic drift. what happens when two viruses infect the same individual? (2)
A
- they can exchange segments
- genetic rearrangement
14
Q
What does genetic rearrangement cause? (2)
A
- allows evasion of almost all previous developed immunity
- can result in pandemic
15
Q
How does vaccination relate to genetic rearragement?
A
- vaccines are made every year, and are directed at four antigenic strains expected to be most prevalent
