Chapter 14: The Innate Immune Response - 2nd line (WBC)

Question 1

What is the second line of defense? (2)

Answer 1

• the cells of the immune system
• leukocytes and phagocytes

Question 2

what are leukocytes? (2)

Answer 2

• WBC
• always found in normal blood, but increase in response to function

Question 3

What are phagocytes?

Answer 3

• WBC that use phagocytosis to eat microbes

Question 4

Why is C3B important?

Answer 4

Initiate a series of Cascades to help degrade microbes

Question 5

what are three types of leukocytes?

Answer 5

1. Granulocytes
2. Mononuclear phagocytes
3. Lymphocytes

Question 6

What are granulocytes? (2)

Answer 6

• have large granules in their cytoplasm
• visible with light microscope

Question 7

What are three sub-groups of granulocytes?

Answer 7

• basophils
• eosinophils
• neutrophils

Question 8

what are basophils? (3)

Answer 8

• weak phagocytes
• secrete chemoattractants
• release histamine - causes inflammation ,allergies

Question 9

What are eosinophils?

Answer 9

• destroy large pathogens
  ex. parasitic worms

Question 10

What do eosinophils produce for worms?

Answer 10

• purchase extra cellular digestive enzymes to attack a parasite

Question 11

What are neutrophils? (3)

Answer 11

• strong phagocytes
• polymorphonuclear
• can leave the blood and migrate into tissues to destroy invading microbes

Question 12

what are mononuclear phagocytes?

Answer 12

• also have granules, but they are not visible under the light microscope

Question 13

what are the two classes of mononuclear phagocytes?

Answer 13

Monocytes and dendritic cells

Question 14

What are monocytes? (3)

Answer 14

• initially non-phagocytic
• leave blood, enter tissues and change into macrophages (strong phagocytes)

Question 15

Where are monocytes often found in?

Answer 15

organs, so they can filter out invading pathogens as blood passes through

Question 16

what are dendritic cells?

Answer 16

• phagocytize foreign material and bring it to the adaptive immune system for inspection
• antigen presentation

Question 17

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

Answer 17

• natural killer cells
• T & B lymphocytes

Question 18

what are natural killer cells?

Answer 18

• responsible for killing infected body cells and tumour cells
• attack any body cell that displays unusual proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 19

What’s are T and B lymphocytes?

Answer 19

• part of adaptive immunity

Question 20

lecture, where can you find lymphocytes?

Answer 20

• Can find lymphocytes in spleen and thymus
• some lymphocytes differentiate

Question 21

where are T lymphocytes produced?

Answer 21

Produced in marrow but mature in thymus