Chapter 2: Organic Molecules + carbohydrates

Question 1

What is considered an organic molecule?

Answer 1

• any molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

Why can carbon be used to build a variety of compounds?

Answer 2

• because each carbon atom can participate in 4 covalent bonds

Question 3

What are the four major classes of organic molecules that make up the building blocks of life?

Answer 3

carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

Question 4

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 4

• Large group of compounds including sugars and starches

Question 5

What elements are in carbohydrates, and in what ratio?

Answer 5

• C, H and O in a CH2O ratio

Question 6

What is the polarity of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

generally polar, so they dissolve in water

Question 7

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

• ready source of energy for cells

Question 8

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 9

What are monosaccharides? (2)

Answer 9

mono = one saccharide
- simple sugars (ex. glucose)

Question 10

Give an important example of a disaccharide.

Answer 10

glucose + fructose = sucrose (table sugar)

Question 11

What is the definition of a polysaccharide?

Answer 11

• hundreds of monosaccharides joined together

Question 12

Are polysaccharides soluble in water?

Answer 12

often no

Question 13

Give an example of a polysaccharide

Answer 13

glycogen and starch