Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections - Upper Bacterial Flashcards
What are dental carries?
cavities
Which bacteria are involved in cavities? (2)
- many different involved
- most important is Streptococcus mutans
How does Streptococcus mutans cause cavities? (2)
- converts sugar slime layer that sticks to teeth
- lactic acid fermentation degrades tooth enamel
How do you prevent cavities?
- brushing teeth
- fluoride hardens tooth enamel to make it resistant to acid
What is periodontal disease?
- gum disease, gingivitis
What causes periodontal disease? (2)
- Plaque bacteria get trapped between teeth
- enzymes produced degrade gum tissue and cause inflammation
What is gingivitis?
- inflammatory response - bleeding of the gums
How do you prevent periodontal disease?
brushing and flossing
How do you treat periodontal disease?
- in advanced cases, antibiotics and surgery
What bacterium causes gastritis?
Helicobacter pylori
What is responsible for most stomach ulcers?
- H. pylori
What occurs in gastritis? (3)
- H. pylori produces ammonia to combat stomach acidity
- degrades stomach’s protective mucous
- stomach acid then damage tissue
How do you treat gastritis?
- antibiotics in combination with medication to inhibit stomach acid production
What virus causes oral Herpes Simplex?
HSV-1
What type of infection is Oral Herpes Simplex? (2)
- latent infection
- up to 90% infection rate but often asymptomatic
What propotion of people will have recurring cold sores?
1 IN 3
Other than the upper respiratory tract, where else can oral herpes cause disease?
- other parts of the body
ex. Herpetic whitlow - herpes infection on the finger
How do you treat oral herpes? (3)
- topical creams with acylclovir
- only effective on active lesions
- does not cure the latent infection
What virus causes mumps?
- mumps virus
How is mumps transmitted?
droplet contact
What are the symptoms of mumps?
- fever
- loss of appetite
- headache
- swelling of salivary glands
Is mumps mild or severe?
- generally mid in childhood
- in adulthood, it is more severe
Why is mumps more severe in adulthood? (2)
In men - swelling of testes and sterility
in women - swelling of ovaries, pelvic pain, increased likelihood of miscarriage
What are some rare cases of mumps in adulthood? (3)
- viral meningitis
- sudden onset deafness
- death from brain infection
How can you treat mumps
none
How can you prevent mumps?
- attenuated whole agent vaccine - part of MMRV
