Chapter 17: Immunologic Disorder - Type II, III, IV Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is type II hypersensitivity?

A

AB- dependent cytotoxicity

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2
Q

What occurs in type II hypersensitivity? (2)

A
  • antibodies are produced against foreign human cells
  • Activates macrophages and triggers complement to kill the cells
    ex. blood transfusion
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3
Q

What is the ABO blood group system?

A
  • antibodies target A and B antigens on RBC
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4
Q

What is an Rh factor?

A

another surface antigen on RBC

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5
Q

What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A
  • when a child is produce between an Rh- female and Rh+ male
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6
Q

What happens in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A
  • Child has a 50% chance of being Rh+
  • mother can make antibodies against Rh+ blood cells, which can attack blood cells of the second child
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7
Q

Hemolytic Disease of Newborn diagram

A
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8
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity? (2)

A
  • immune complex formation
  • occurs that certain antibody to antigen ratios in blood
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9
Q

What occurs in type III hypersensitivity?

A
  • Ab forms small complexes with Ag and then gets trapped in membrane between cells
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10
Q

What can type III hypersensitivity result in? (3)

A
  • can activate complement
  • results in inflammation
  • activate neutrophils to release enzymes that damages cells
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11
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity? (3)

A
  • delayed hypersensitivity
  • cell-mediated response (T cells)
  • not Ab mediated (i think only one out of all of them)
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12
Q

What occurs in type IV hypersensitivity? (2)

A
  • causes a delayed reaction 24 to 72 hours after contact
  • Time for Tc cells (cytotoxic t cells) to migrate to area
    ex. contact dermatitis
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13
Q

How does type IV hypersensitivity happen? I think in terms of contact dermatitis

A
  • small chemicals interact with skin proteins to form an antigen
  • causes a change in skin cells
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14
Q

What is the cell mediated immune response in type IV hypersensitivity?

A
  • Tc cells are activated to destroy the altered skin cells
  • causes red, itchy, swelling skin
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15
Q

Explain why poison ivy is type 4 hypersensitivity? (2)

A

first contact - limited response, no dermatitis, memory T cells produced
Second Contact - memory T cells become activated by CTLS, causes allergic contact dermatitis

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