Chapter 21: respiratory System Infections - Diptheria, Pertussis, Sinus Flashcards
1
Q
What bacteria causes Diphtheria?
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
2
Q
What are the symptoms of Diphtheria? (3)
A
- mild sore throat
- extreme fatigue
- malaise
3
Q
How does diphtheria arise in the body?
A
- produces the diphtheria toxin (cytotoxin)
- destroys cells in the respiratory tract
- pseudomembrane forms on the tonsils and throat
4
Q
What complications can arise from diphtheria? (3)
A
- because of pseudomembrane, it can cause suffocation
- toxin can be released into the blood
- this can lead to heart and kidney failure
5
Q
How can we treat diphtheria? (2)
A
- antibiotics only stop the infection from spreading, but they do not work against the toxin
- anti-toxin can be administered - passive immunization
6
Q
How can diphtheria be prevented?
A
- toxoid vaccine (part of DTaP)
7
Q
What is pertussis commonly known as?
A
whooping cough
8
Q
What bacteria causes pertussis?
A
Bordetella pertussis
9
Q
What symptoms arise in the first stage of pertussis?
A
cold-like symptoms
10
Q
What occurs in the second stage of pertussis? (3)
A
- bacterium produces a cytotoxin that kills ciliated cells in the airway
- prevents the movement of mucous
- results in violent coughs
11
Q
How is pertussis treated?
A
- antibiotics are only effective during the first stage
12
Q
How can pertussis be prevented? (2)
A
- effective vaccination as part od DTaP
- but immunity fades, so booster every 10 years
13
Q
What can pinkeye, earaches, and sinus infections be caused by?
A
- bacteria or viruses
14
Q
What is conjunctivitis?
A
- infection of the eye surface
15
Q
What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis? (2)
A
- red, itchy eyes
- swelling and pus when bacteria are responsible
