Chapter 17: Immunologic Disorder - Transplantation, Autoimmune disease, Immunodeficiency disorders

Question 1

What occurs in transplantation during tissue or organ rejection? (2)

Answer 1

• involves a cell mediated response against antigenically different MHC molecules
• attacked by Tc and NK cells (natural killer cells)

Question 2

what do successful transplants require?

Answer 2

1. closely matched tissues
2. drugs that suppress the immune response

Question 3

Why is cyclosporin sometimes used for transplants?

Answer 3

• drug that prevents clonal expansion of T cells

Question 4

Why do transplant patients need to be kept in isolation?

Answer 4

• their immune system is suppressed, so they are very susceptible to infection

Question 5

What is Graft-vs-Host disease? (2)

Answer 5

• often occurs after bone marrow transplant
• Tc cells from donor tissue see the host’s body as foreign and attacks

Question 6

What is autoimmune disease?

Answer 6

• the body has an immune response against itself

Question 7

Why can autoimmune diseases occur? (3)

Answer 7

• can occur in response to an infection
• may be genetic (inherited)
• in many cases, the cause is unknown

Question 8

rheumatic fever is an example of an autoimmune disease. What is it? (4)

Answer 8

• occurs after strep throat infection
• Antibodies are produced against Streptoccocus M proteins
• these proteins are similar to proteins of the heart muscle
• Ab attack the heart and cause tissue damage

Question 9

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of an autoimmune disease. What is it? (2)

Answer 9

• IgM, IgG, and complement act against collagen in the joints
• causes chronic inflammation and joint pain

Question 10

Lupus is an example of an autoimmune disease. What is it? (2)

Answer 10

• antibodies produced to chromatin, a complex of protein, DNA and RNA
• Chromatin-Ab complexes accumulate in blood vessels, joints, kidneys

Question 11

Multiple Sclerosis, or Lou-Gehrig disease is an autoimmune disease. What is it? (3)

Answer 11

• T cells and macrophages attack the myelin sheath that covers nerves
• symptoms range from mild fatigue to severe paralysis
• may be triggered by infection with Epstein-Barr virus

Question 12

What is an immunodeficiency disorder?

Answer 12

• results in an inadequate immune system

Question 13

What is primary immunodeficiency disorder? (4)

Answer 13

• congenital, inherited
• An example is Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
• Non-functional B and T cells
• allows severe infection

Question 14

What is acquired immunodeficiency disorder? (4)

Answer 14

• an example is Acquired immunodeficiency symdrome (AIDS)
• Last stage of HIV infection
• HIV infects and kills Helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
• patient is extremely susceptible to infection since both Ab and cell mediated immune response is impaired

Question 15

In lecture, some people will not die from HIV. Is that true?

Answer 15

yeah, they do not always die
- but their immune system is compromised, so even a cold can kill them