9.1-9.3

Question 1

process by which activities
are started, directed, and continued so
that physical or psychological needs or
wants are met

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Latin: ___ = “to move”

Answer 2

movere

Question 3

type of
motivation in which a person performs
an action because it leads to an
outcome that is separate from the
person.

Answer 3

Extrinsic motivation

Question 4

type of
motivation in which a person performs
an action because the act itself is fun,
rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in
some internal manner.

Answer 4

Intrinsic motivation -

Question 5

Psychologist ____ found that
children’s creativity was affected by the
kind of motivation for which they
worked.

Answer 5

Teresa Amabile

Question 6

___ decreased
the degree of creativity shown in
an experimental group’s artwork
when compared to the creativity
levels of the children in an
intrinsically motivated control
group.

Answer 6

Extrinsic motivation

Question 7

the biologically
determined and innate patterns
of behavior that exist in both
people and animals.

Answer 7

Instincts -

Question 8

actually proposed a total of __
instincts for humans.

Answer 8

William McDougall (1908); 18

Question 9

___have faded
away because, although they
could describe human behavior,
they could not explain it.

Answer 9

Instinct approaches ; Instincts and the Evolutionary
Approach

Question 10

But these approaches did
accomplish one important
thing by forcing
psychologists to realize
that some human behavior
is controlled by ____

Answer 10

hereditary factors

Question 11

approach to motivation that
assumes behavior arises from
internal drives to push the
organism to satisfy physiological
needs and reduce tension and
arousal.

Answer 11

Drive-Reduction Theory

Question 12

Drive-reduction theory proposes
just this connection between
____

Answer 12

internal physiological states
and outward behavior.

Question 13

• a requirement of some
  material (such as food or water)
  that is essential for the survival
  of the organism.

Answer 13

Need

Question 14

• a psychological tension
  and physical arousal arising
  when there is a need that
  motivates the organism to act in
  order to fulfill the need and
  reduce the tension.

Answer 14

Drive

Question 15

• involve
  survival needs of the body
  such as hunger and thirst.

Answer 15

Primary Drives

Question 16

learned through
experience or conditioning
such as the need for
money or social approval
or the need of recent
former smokers to have
something to put in their
mouths.

Answer 16

Acquired (Secondary)
Drives -

Question 17

Although the drive-reduction
theory works well to explain the
actions people take to reduce
tension created by needs, it does
not explain ____

Answer 17

all human motivation.

Question 18

● Harvard University psychologist
● Proposed a theory of motivation that
highlights the importance of three
psychological needs not typically considered by the other theories:
affiliation, power, and achievement.

Answer 18

David C. McClelland

Question 19

McClelland’s Theory of Motivation focuses on three needs:

Answer 19

affiliation, power, achievement

Question 20

the need
for friendly social interactions and
relationships with others.

Answer 20

Need for affiliation (nAff) -

Question 21

the need to
have control or influence over others.

Answer 21

Need for power (nPow) -

Question 22

a need
that involves a strong desire to succeed
in attaining goals, not only realistic ones
but also challenging ones.

Answer 22

Need for achievement (nAch) -

Question 23

proposes that the
belief systems individuals hold
about themselves, particularly
regarding intelligence and their
abilities, significantly impact
their motivation to achieve.

Answer 23

Personality and nAch: Carol
Dweck’s Self Theory of
Motivation -