11.3

Question 1

___ - When there are urgent
demands or expectations for a person’s
behavior coming from an outside source,
that person is experiencing ___.

Answer 1

Pressure

Question 2

+__ occurs when people feel
that they must work harder, faster,
or do more, as when meeting a
deadline or studying for final
exams.

Answer 2

Pressure

Question 3

___is one of the most
common forms of pressure.
Although some people claim to
“work well under pressure,” the
truth is that pressure can have a
negative impact on a person’s
ability to be creative.

Answer 3

Time pressure

Question 4

___ - A psychologist who
gathered research within actual work
settings strongly indicating that when
time pressure is applied to workers who
are trying to come up with creative,
innovative ideas, creativity levels decrease
dramatically.

Answer 4

Teresa Amabile

Question 5

degree of control that the person
has over a particular event or
situation.

Answer 5

Uncontrollability

Question 6

Researchers in both clinical
interviews and experimental
studies have found that lack
of control in a situation actually
increases ___

Answer 6

stress disorder
Symptoms

Question 7

__the psychological experience produced
by urgent demands or expectations for a
person’s behavior that come from an outside
source.

Answer 7

pressure

Question 8

____ found
that those residents who were given more control over their lives were more vigorous, active, and sociable than those in
the control group.

Answer 8

Rodin and Langer

Question 9

___ - occurs when people are
blocked or prevented from achieving a
desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

Answer 9

Frustration

Question 10

frustration can be ___,
such as when a car breaks down, a desired job offer doesn’t come through after all, or a
theft results in the loss of one’s belongings. Losses, rejections, failures, and delays are all
sources of external frustration.

Answer 10

external

Question 11

The ____
of a frustration is affected by how important the goal or need actually is.

Answer 11

seriousness

Question 12

___, also known as __ frustrations, occur when the goal or need
cannot be attained because of internal or personal characteristics

Answer 12

Internal frustrations ; personal

Question 13

___, or
the continuation of efforts to get around whatever is causing the frustration.

Answer 13

persistence

Question 14

__
may involve making more intense efforts or changing the style of response

Answer 14

Persistence

Question 15

___, or action meant to harm or destroy, is unfortunately another typical reaction
to frustration.

Answer 15

Aggression

Question 16

Early psychologists in the field of behaviorism proposed a connection
between frustration and aggression, calling it the ____

Answer 16

frustration–aggression hypothesis

Question 17

frustration creates an internal “readiness
to aggress” but that aggression will not follow unless certain___are also
present.

Answer 17

external cues

Question 18

to take out one’s
frustrations on less threatening, more available targets, in a process called __

Answer 18

displaced
aggression

Question 19

____ is when we direct
our anger toward someone or something
unrelated to the situation that made us
angry.

Answer 19

Displaced aggression -

Question 20

___, or habitual
targets of displaced aggression.
___ are often pets, children, spouses, and
even minority group

Answer 20

scapegoats

Question 21

___
can take the form of leaving, dropping out of school, quitting a job, or ending
a relationship.

Answer 21

Escape or withdrawal

Question 22

Some people manage a psychological escape or withdrawal into ___
(ceasing to care about or act upon the situation), ___ (which is only a temporary escape),
or the ___

Answer 22

apathy, fantasy, use of drugs.

Question 23

Whenever you find yourself torn between two or more competing and incompatible
desires, goals, or actions, you are in __

Answer 23

conflict

Question 24

___ a person experiences
desire for two goals, each of which is attractive. Typically, this type of conflict, often called a
“win–win situation,” is relatively easy to resolve and does not involve a great deal of stress.

Answer 24

approach–approach conflict,

Question 25

___conflicts are much more
stressful. In this conflict, the choice is between two or more goals or events that are
unpleasant.

Answer 25

Avoidance–avoidance

Question 26

__conflicts are a bit different in that
they only involve one goal or event. That goal or event may have both positive and negative
aspects that make the goal appealing and yet unappealing at the same time.

Answer 26

Approach–avoidance

Question 27

When the choice is between two goals that
have both positive and negative elements to each goal, it is called a___

Answer 27

double approach–
avoidance conflict.

Question 28

___
conflict in which the person must decide
between more than two goals, with each
goal possessing both positive and negative
aspects

Answer 28

multiple approach–avoidance
conflict