7.5-7.6 Flashcards
is the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
Creativity
Not all problems can be solved using existing information and logical rules, so we use ____.
creativity
refers to the type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic.
Convergent thinking
Works well for routine problem solving but may be of little use when a more creative solution is needed.
Convergent thinking
refers to the type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.
Divergent thinking
The most productive periods of divergent thinking tend to occur when people are doing some task or activity that is more or less ___, such as walking.
automatic
Creative people usually have a broad range of knowledge about a lot of subjects and are good at using mental imagery.
According to Csikszentmihalyi (1997)
refers to the ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.
Intelligence
Proposed by Charles Spearman who saw intelligence as two different abilities: g factor and s factor.
SPEARMAN’S G FACTOR
SPEARMAN’S G FACTOR is proposed by
Charles Spearman
refers to the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.
G Factor
refers to the ability to excel in certain areas or specific intelligence.
S Factor
A _____ would most likely measure the g factor, but Spearman believed that superiority in one type of intelligence predicts superiority overall.
traditional IQ test
Proposed by Howard Gardner
Theory that states there are several (9) kinds of intelligence.
GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES was proposed by
Howard Gardner
Ability to use language
OCCUPATION: Writers, speakers
Verbal/Linguistic
Ability to compose and/or perform music
OCCUPATION: Musicians, even those who do not read musical notes but can perform and compose
Musical
Ability to think logically and to solve mathematical problems
OCCUPATION: Scientists, engineers
Logical/Mathematical
Ability to understand how objects are oriented in space
OCCUPATION: Pilots, astronauts, artists, navigators
Visual/Spatial
Ability to control one’s body motions
OCCUPATION: Dancers, athletes
Movement
Sensitivity to other and understanding motivation of others
OCCUPATION: Psychologists, manager
Interpersonal
Understanding of one’s emotions and how they guide actions
OCCUPATION: Various people-oriented careers
Intrapersonal
Ability to recognize the patterns found in nature
OCCUPATION: Farmers, landscapers, biologists, botanists.
Naturalist
Ability to see the “big picture” of the human world by asking questions about life, death, and the ultimate reality of human existence.
OCCUPATION: Philosophical thinkers
Existentialist (Tentative)
Proposed by Robert Sternberg who believes that there are three (triarchic) kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY
refers to the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem-solving. Commonly known as “Book smarts”
Analytical intelligence
refers to the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems.
In simple words, divergent thinking.
Creative intelligence
refers to the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful.
Best described as “street smarts”
Practical intelligence
Culmination of work from several theorists: Raymond Cattell, John Horn, and John Carroll.
CATTELL-HORN-CARROLL (CHC) THEORY
suggested intelligence was composed of crystalized intelligence and fluid intelligence.
Cattell
refers to the type of intelligence that represents acquired knowledge and skills.
Crystalized intelligence
refers to the type of intelligence for problem solving and adaptability in unfamiliar situations.
Fluid intelligence
CATTELL-HORN-CARROLL (CHC) THEORY proposed by
Raymond Cattell, John Horn, John Carroll
____ expanded on Cattell’s work and added other abilities based on visual and auditory processing, memory, speed of processing, reaction time, quantitative skills, and reading-writing skills.
Horn
____ developed a three-tier hierarchical model of cognitive abilities that fit so well with the Cattell-horn crystalized and fluid intelligence models that a new theory was proposed which is the _____
Carroll, CHC Theory of Intelligence
___suggests that the frontal and parietal brain areas play the most important roles in intelligence.
Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (p-fit)
___ refers to a contributing factor to a variety of higher cognitive functions, and it usually has been tied to fluid intelligence.
Working memory
