10.1-10.2 Flashcards
➢ The different biological and
physiological characteristics of males
and females, such as reproductive organs,
chromosomes, hormones, etc.
Sex
➢ The psychological and cultural aspect of
identifying oneself as male or female, or
the sense of masculinity or femininity.
Gender
A ____ for behavior that
varies from culture to culture, and that
changes as societal views of acceptable
and desirable behavior related to being
perceived as male of female change.
social expectation
- Sexual organs that are present at birth.
- Directly involved in human reproduction.
Primary Sex Characteristics
– the
tube leading
from the
outside of the
body to the
opening of
the womb.
Vagina
– the
womb.
Uterus
– the
female sex
glands.
Ovaries
– the organ
through which
males urinate
and which
delivers the male
sex cells or
sperm.
Penis
– the male sex
glands.
Testes/Testicles
– an
external pouch
that holds the
testes.
Scrotum
a gland that
secretes most of
the fluid that
carries the
sperm.
Prostate Gland –
- Develop during puberty and are indirectly
involved in human reproduction. - Distinguish the male from the female and
may act as attractants to members of the
opposite sex, ensuring that sexual activity
and reproduction will occur.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Include a growth spurt that begins at about
ages 10 to 12 and finishes about 1 year
following the first menstrual cycle.
FEMALE SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS
- The blood and tissue lining of the uterus
exit the body through the vagina if there is
no pregnancy to support.
Menstrual Cycle
– the first cycle of
menstruation; occurs at an average age of
about 12 in more developed countries
such as the United States.
Menarche
– the onset of production of
sperm, occurring at a little over 14 years of
age.
Spermarche
develop as the
embryo is growing in the womb as a result
of the chromosomes contained within the
embryonic cells as well as hormonal
influences.
Primary sex characteristics
– form within the embryo at about
5 weeks of pregnancy.
Gonads
Two sets of ducts (tubes) also develop next
to the gonads, the
Wolffian ducts
Müllerian ducts
(which
can become the male sex organs) and the
Wolffian ducts
(which can become the
female sex organs).
Müllerian ducts
At this point, the
gonads are undifferentiated- neither fully
male of fully female- and the embryo could
potentially become either male of female.
* The deciding factor:.
CHROMOSOMES
If the chromosomes of the 23rd pair
contain Y chromosome = causes the gonads to
release testosterone, a male hormone or
__.
IT’S A MALE!: androgen
If the 23rd pair of
chromosomes contains two female or X
chromosomes, the Y gene is absent so no
testosterone is released, and the gonads will
develop intro the __-secreting ovaries.
IT’S A FEMALE!: estrogen
On rare occasions, an infant is born with
sexual organs that are ambiguous – not
clearly male of female. People with this
condition are referred to as __-,
intersex
intersex,
meaning ,__ and
represent about __ of the
population.
“between the sexes”; 1.7 percent
