12.1-12.2

Question 1

__ also looks at
behavior and mental processes but includes the social world in which we exist, as we are
surrounded by others to whom we are connected and by whom we are influenced in so
many ways.

Answer 1

social psychology

Question 2

__
the scientific study of how a person’s
thoughts, feelings, and behavior influence
and are influenced by social groups; area
of psychology in which psychologists
focus on how human behavior is affected
by the presence of other people.

Answer 2

social psychology

Question 3

the process through which the real or
implied presence of others can directly
or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings,
and behavior of an individual.

Answer 3

social influence

Question 4

: changing one’s own behavior to
more closely match the actions of others.

Answer 4

conformity:

Question 5

In 1936, social psychologist
__ conducted a study in which participants
were shown into a darkened room and exposed to a single point of light.

Answer 5

Muzafer Sherif

Question 6

(a person
chosen by the experimenter to deliberately manipulate the situation)

Answer 6

confederate

Question 7

__ conducted the first of his classic studies on conformity by
having seven participants gather in a room.

Answer 7

Solomon Asch (1951)

Question 8

They were told that they were participating
in an experiment on

Answer 8

visual judgment.

Question 9

● The need to act in ways that we
feel will let us be liked and
accepted by others (Hewlin,
2009; Kaplan & Miller 1987).

Answer 9

NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Question 10

● We take our cues for how to
behave from other people when
we are in a situation that is not
clear or ambiguous

Answer 10

INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL
INFLUENCE

Question 11

Kind of thinking that occurs
when people place more
importance on maintaining
group cohesiveness than on
assessing the facts of the
problem with which the group
is concerned.

Answer 11

GROUPTHINK

Question 12

(1972, 1982), who
originally gave this phenomenon its name, lists several “symptoms” of groupthink

Answer 12

Irving Janis

Question 13

■ Members feel they
cannot fail.

Answer 13

Invulnerability

Question 14

■ Members explain
away warning
signs and help
each other
rationalize their
decisions.

Answer 14

Rationalization

Question 15

■ Members do not
examine the
ethical implications
of their decisions
because they
believe that they
cannot make
immoral choices.

Answer 15

Lack of Introspection

Question 16

Members stereotype their enemies as weak, stupid, or unreasonable

Answer 16

Stereotyping

Question 17

Members pressure each other not to question the prevailing opinion.

Answer 17

Pressure

Question 18

Members do not express opinions that differ from the group
consensus

Answer 18

Lack of disagreement

Question 19

Members share in the illusion that they all agree with the decision.

Answer 19

Self-deception

Question 20

Members prevent the group from hearing disruptive but potentially
useful information from people who are outside the group.

Answer 20

Insularity

Question 21

● The tendency for members
involved in a group discussion to
take somewhat more extreme
positions and suggest riskier
actions when compared to
individuals who have not
participated in a group
discussion

Answer 21

GROUP POLARIZATION

Question 22

● The tendency for the presence
of other people to have a
positive impact on the
performance of an easy task.

Answer 22

SOCIAL FACILITATION

Question 23

● The tendency for the presence
of other people to have a
negative impact on the
performance of a difficult task

Answer 23

SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT

Question 24

● The tendency for people to put
less effort into a simple task
when working with others on
that task

Answer 24

SOCIAL LOAFING

Question 25

● The lessening of personal
identity, self-restraint, and the
sense of personal responsibility
that can occur within a group.

Answer 25

DEINDIVIDUATION

Question 26

,
which is the posting of deliberately inflammatory comments in online communities

Answer 26

trolling