3.1-3.3

Question 1

Activation of receptors in the various sensory organs

Answer 1

sensation

Question 2

Specialized forms of neurons

Answer 2

sensory receptors

Question 3

6 sense organs

Answer 3

skin, eyes, ears, extrasensory perception, nose, taste buds

Question 4

the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time.

Answer 4

Just noticeable difference (jnd or the difference threshold)

Question 5

the smallest amount of energy needed for a person to continuously detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is present.

Answer 5

Absolute threshold

Question 6

stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness.

Answer 6

Subliminal Stimuli

Question 7

Just strong enough to activate the sensory receptors but not strong enough for people to be consciously aware of them

Answer 7

Subliminal Stimuli

Question 8

threshold

Answer 8

Limin

Question 9

“below the threshold”

Answer 9

Sublimin

Question 10

“above the threshold”

Answer 10

Supraliminal

Question 11

process by which subliminal stimuli act upon the unconscious mind, influencing behavior.

Answer 11

Subliminal Perception

Question 12

tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information.

Answer 12

Habituation

Question 13

tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging.

Answer 13

Sensory Adaptation

Question 14

the constant movement of the eyes, tiny little vibrations called that people do not notice consciously; or events sensory adaptation to visual stimuli.

Answer 14

Microsaccades

Question 15

people with autism to display special abilities

Answer 15

Savants

Question 16

a black person that has autism

Answer 16

Stephen Wiltshire

Question 17

determined by the amplitude of the wave– how high or how low the wave actually is. The higer the wave, the brighter the light will be. Low waves are dimmer.

Answer 17

Brightness

Question 18

is determined by the length of the wave

Answer 18

Color - or hue

Question 19

are found at the red end of the visible spectrum

Answer 19

Long wavelengths

Question 20

are found at the blue end.

Answer 20

shorter wavelengths

Question 21

refers to the purity of the color people see; mixing in black or grap would also lessen the saturation.

Answer 21

Saturation

Question 22

bench light waves so the image can be focused on the retina. Clear membrane that covers the surface of the eye; protects the eye and is the structure that focuses most of the light coming into the eye.

Answer 22

Cornea

Question 23

vision-improving technique that uses this fact by making small incisions in the cornea to change the focus in the eye.

Answer 23

Radial Keratotomy

Question 24

next visual layer; clear, watery fluid that is continually replenished and supplies nourishment to the eye.

Answer 24

Aqueous Humor

Question 25

hole through which light from the visual image enters the interior of the eye.

Answer 25

Pupil

Question 26

round muscle (the colored part of the eye) in which the pupil is located; can change the size of the pupil, letting more or less light into the eye; helps focus the image.

Answer 26

iris

Question 27

another clear structure behind the iris, suspended by muscles; finisshes the focusing process begun by the cornea.

Answer 27

Lens

Question 28

final stop for light in the eye

Answer 28

Retina

Question 29

Retina ontains 3 layers:

Answer 29

Ganglion cells
Biploar cells
Photoreceptors

Question 30

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light.

Answer 30

Rods

Question 31

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision.

Answer 31

Cones

Question 32

area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve, insensitive to light.

Answer 32

Blind spot

Question 33

the change in the thickness of the lens as the eye focuses on objects that are far away or close.

Answer 33

Visual Accommodation

Question 34

jelly-like fluid called that also nourishes the eye and gives it shape.

Answer 34

Vitreous Humor

Question 35

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights.

Answer 35

Dark adaptation

Question 36

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness.

Answer 36

Light Adaptation

Question 37

theory of color vision that proposes three tyoes of cones: red, blue, and green.

Answer 37

Trichromatic Theory

Question 38

images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed.

Answer 38

Afterimages

Question 39

theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow.

Answer 39

Opponent-process theory

Question 40

either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all.

Answer 40

Monochrome colorblindness

Question 41

either the red or the green cones are not working.

Answer 41

Red-green colorblindness

Question 42

lack of functioning red cones.

Answer 42

Protanopia

Question 43

lack of functioning green cones.

Answer 43

Deuteranopia

Question 44

lack of functioning blue cones.

Answer 44

Tritanopia

Question 45

another kind of colorblindness

Answer 45

Sex-linked inheritance