7.9-7.10 Flashcards
those who greatly exceed average intelligence. These people are referred to as “___”
geniuses
Used to be “mental retardation” or “developmentally delayed”
A developmental disorder where a person falls short of mental abilities and unusually has low levels of adaptive behavior
intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)
(the skills needed to live independently)
adaptive behavior
uses IQ tests to diagnose and check the severity of mental retardation.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
sees intellectual disability based on how one’s intellectual functioning negatively impacts their adaptive functioning across three (3) domains.
DSM Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
(academic skills such as memory, reasoning, language, and literacy)
Conceptual
(social skills such as empathy and interpersonal communication)
Social
(self-management skills such as job and school responsibilities, personal care, and money management)
Practical
Majority of people with intellectual disabilities are included in this category
Mild Intellectual Disability
Conceptual: people with this condition have difficulties in learning as a child but are concrete thinkers as they grow into adults
Social: they have a risk of being manipulated by others due to their immaturity in social judgment
Practical: they can live independently but may need help with complex life skills such as making big decisions
Mild Intellectual Disability
Its skill deficits are most likely coupled with physical or sensory impairments.
Profound Intellectual Disability
Conceptual: people with this condition may have learning difficulties if it does not involve simple matching and sorting tasks
Social: they have poor communication skills and may interact nonverbally to people who are familiar to them
Practical: they may watch or assist but are mostly dependent on others
Profound Intellectual Disability
Causes Intellectual Disability
(a) Unhealthy living conditions
(b)prenatal exposure to toxicants,
(c) inadequate brain development,
(d) poverty-related health risks,
(e) lack of oxygen at birth,
(f) diseases and infections in the womb, and
(g) accidents during childhood may contribute to intellectual disability.
caused by the presence of a third chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome
caused by alcohol exposure to an embryo.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
it typically happens to males and is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability; caused by a gene defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair which leads to deficiency of protein for brain development.
Fragile X Syndrome
individuals who have an IQ of 130 or above (about 2% of the population)
Gifted
individuals who have an IQ of 140 to 145 and above (less than 0.5% of the population)
Geniuses
Despite common belief that some geniuses are socially awkward or odd, Terman’s study showed that gifted people are socially well and have good leadership skills.
His study also showed that gifted people are more resistant towards mental illnesses.
Lewis Terman’s study on gifted children
(what he calls the gifted children) were usually more academically, occupationally, and financially successful compared to their peers.
Terman’s Termites
found that the Termites who became successful were those who had a consistent sense of self.
Zuo and Cramond (2001)
This book includes the results of a study in Great Britain where it revealed that gifted children who were “pushed” by their parents to achieve turned out to be “disappointed, somewhat unhappy adults”
She pointed out that life conditions were a major factor in the success of the gifted children.
Joan Freeman’s book: Gifted Children Grown Up
The study found more factors that play into a gifted child’s success:
Work satisfaction
Having a sense of purpose
High energy level
Persistence
Torrance’s longitudinal study
The ability to manage one’s own emotions and understand others’ emotions to make room for thinking
Emotional Intelligence
Was introduced by Peter Salovey and John Mayer and popularized by Dan Goleman
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence was introduced by
Peter Salovey and John Mayer, popularized by Dan Goleman
: Emotional intelligence influences success in life rather than the traditional intelligence we know
Goleman
- the ability to understand the feelings and emotions of others
Empathy
A study by _______ found that the people who were able to connect thoughts to feelings well also scored high in the empathy measure. Moreover, those same people also scored high in their SATs.
Mayer and Geher
things or events that already exist in nature and cannot be controlled but instead can be observed and examined to understand a phenomenon
Natural experiment -
come from the same fertilized egg, thus their differences would most likely come from external or environmental factors.
Identical twins
come from different fertilized eggs, so they share a reasonable amount of genetics typically shared by two siblings.
fraternal twins
extent to which genetic differences affect differences in observed behavior
degree to which a trait can be considered to come from genetics
Heritability
environmental factors or influence are no longer factors when the twins reach ____.
adolescence
___ a phenomenon where IQ scores increase over time from one generation to another.
Flynn Effect -
- in these investigations, it was used as a way to categorize people based on common skin colors and facial features.
Race
A controversial book by Herrnstein and Murray where they claim that IQ is inherited and that poor people are poor because they are unintelligent.
The Bell Curve
The Bell Curve is a book by
Herrnstein and Murray
the awareness of negative stereotypes towards a group one identifies in which then affects one’s performance.
Stereotype Threat -
