7.9-7.10

Question 1

those who greatly exceed average intelligence. These people are referred to as “___”

Answer 1

geniuses

Question 2

Used to be “mental retardation” or “developmentally delayed”
A developmental disorder where a person falls short of mental abilities and unusually has low levels of adaptive behavior

Answer 2

intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

Question 3

(the skills needed to live independently)

Answer 3

adaptive behavior

Question 4

uses IQ tests to diagnose and check the severity of mental retardation.

Answer 4

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Question 5

sees intellectual disability based on how one’s intellectual functioning negatively impacts their adaptive functioning across three (3) domains.

Answer 5

DSM Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

Question 6

(academic skills such as memory, reasoning, language, and literacy)

Answer 6

Conceptual

Question 7

(social skills such as empathy and interpersonal communication)

Answer 7

Social

Question 8

(self-management skills such as job and school responsibilities, personal care, and money management)

Answer 8

Practical

Question 9

Majority of people with intellectual disabilities are included in this category

Answer 9

Mild Intellectual Disability

Question 10

Conceptual: people with this condition have difficulties in learning as a child but are concrete thinkers as they grow into adults
Social: they have a risk of being manipulated by others due to their immaturity in social judgment
Practical: they can live independently but may need help with complex life skills such as making big decisions

Answer 10

Mild Intellectual Disability

Question 11

Its skill deficits are most likely coupled with physical or sensory impairments.

Answer 11

Profound Intellectual Disability

Question 12

Conceptual: people with this condition may have learning difficulties if it does not involve simple matching and sorting tasks
Social: they have poor communication skills and may interact nonverbally to people who are familiar to them
Practical: they may watch or assist but are mostly dependent on others

Answer 12

Profound Intellectual Disability

Question 13

Causes Intellectual Disability

Answer 13

(a) Unhealthy living conditions
(b)prenatal exposure to toxicants,
(c) inadequate brain development,
(d) poverty-related health risks,
(e) lack of oxygen at birth,
(f) diseases and infections in the womb, and
(g) accidents during childhood may contribute to intellectual disability.

Question 14

caused by the presence of a third chromosome 21.

Answer 14

Down Syndrome

Question 15

caused by alcohol exposure to an embryo.

Answer 15

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 16

it typically happens to males and is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability; caused by a gene defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair which leads to deficiency of protein for brain development.

Answer 16

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 17

individuals who have an IQ of 130 or above (about 2% of the population)

Answer 17

Gifted

Question 18

individuals who have an IQ of 140 to 145 and above (less than 0.5% of the population)

Answer 18

Geniuses

Question 19

Despite common belief that some geniuses are socially awkward or odd, Terman’s study showed that gifted people are socially well and have good leadership skills.
His study also showed that gifted people are more resistant towards mental illnesses.

Answer 19

Lewis Terman’s study on gifted children

Question 20

(what he calls the gifted children) were usually more academically, occupationally, and financially successful compared to their peers.

Answer 20

Terman’s Termites

Question 21

found that the Termites who became successful were those who had a consistent sense of self.

Answer 21

Zuo and Cramond (2001)

Question 22

This book includes the results of a study in Great Britain where it revealed that gifted children who were “pushed” by their parents to achieve turned out to be “disappointed, somewhat unhappy adults”
She pointed out that life conditions were a major factor in the success of the gifted children.

Answer 22

Joan Freeman’s book: Gifted Children Grown Up

Question 23

The study found more factors that play into a gifted child’s success:
Work satisfaction
Having a sense of purpose
High energy level
Persistence

Answer 23

Torrance’s longitudinal study

Question 24

The ability to manage one’s own emotions and understand others’ emotions to make room for thinking

Answer 24

Emotional Intelligence

Question 25

Was introduced by Peter Salovey and John Mayer and popularized by Dan Goleman

Answer 25

Emotional Intelligence

Question 26

Emotional Intelligence was introduced by

Answer 26

Peter Salovey and John Mayer, popularized by Dan Goleman

Question 27

: Emotional intelligence influences success in life rather than the traditional intelligence we know

Answer 27

Goleman

Question 28

• the ability to understand the feelings and emotions of others

Answer 28

Empathy

Question 29

A study by _______ found that the people who were able to connect thoughts to feelings well also scored high in the empathy measure. Moreover, those same people also scored high in their SATs.

Answer 29

Mayer and Geher

Question 30

things or events that already exist in nature and cannot be controlled but instead can be observed and examined to understand a phenomenon

Answer 30

Natural experiment -

Question 31

come from the same fertilized egg, thus their differences would most likely come from external or environmental factors.

Answer 31

Identical twins

Question 32

come from different fertilized eggs, so they share a reasonable amount of genetics typically shared by two siblings.

Answer 32

fraternal twins

Question 33

extent to which genetic differences affect differences in observed behavior

degree to which a trait can be considered to come from genetics

Answer 33

Heritability

Question 34

environmental factors or influence are no longer factors when the twins reach ____.

Answer 34

adolescence

Question 35

___ a phenomenon where IQ scores increase over time from one generation to another.

Answer 35

Flynn Effect -

Question 36

• in these investigations, it was used as a way to categorize people based on common skin colors and facial features.

Answer 36

Race

Question 37

A controversial book by Herrnstein and Murray where they claim that IQ is inherited and that poor people are poor because they are unintelligent.

Answer 37

The Bell Curve

Question 38

The Bell Curve is a book by

Answer 38

Herrnstein and Murray

Question 39

the awareness of negative stereotypes towards a group one identifies in which then affects one’s performance.

Answer 39

Stereotype Threat -