6.6-6.8 Flashcards
these are stimuli for remembering
Retrieval Cues
can occur where experience with information or concepts can improve later performance.
Priming
The connection between surroundings and remembered information
Encoding specificity
The tendency for a memory to be enhanced if the retrieval conditions are alike to the conditions when the information was encoded
Encoding specificity
a form of encoding specificity where memories formed during a particular physiological or psychological state will be easier to remember while in a similar state
State-Dependent Learning
memories are retrieved with few or no external cues, such as filling in the blanks on an application form.
Recall
when recall has failed temporarily
Retrieval Failure
Tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon
may be a function of an area of the brain called the
fusiform gyrus
information at the beginning and the end of a list tends to be remembered more easily and accurately.
Serial position effect
Words at the very beginning of the list tend to be remembered better than those in the middle of the list.
Primacy effect
increase in recall due to the fact that the last word or two was just heard and is still in short-term memory for easy retrieval.
Recency effect
long-term memory is increased when students practice retrieving the information to be learned
Testing effect
involves looking at or hearing information and matching it to what is already in memory.
Recognition
usually much easier than recall because there is a cue
However, it is not foolproof.
Recognition
When a person thinks that he has recognized (or even recalled) something but in fact does not have that something or someone in memory.
False positive
