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Psych 101 > 1.1-1.8 > Flashcards

1.1-1.8 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

It is the outward or covert actions and reaction

A

Behavior

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3
Q

It is the internal or overt activity of our minds

A

Mental Processes

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4
Q

Psyche

A

mind

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5
Q

Logos

A

study

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6
Q

it is a branch of philosophy

A

psychology

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7
Q

It prevents possible biases from leading to faulty observations

A

Psychology is a Science

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8
Q

Psychology’s Four Goals

A

Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control

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9
Q

Description

A

What is happening?

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10
Q

Explanation

A

Why is it happening?

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11
Q

Prediction

A

Will it happen again?

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12
Q

Control

A

How can it be changed?

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13
Q

General explanation of a set of observations or facts

A

Theory

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14
Q

Focused on the structure or basic elements of the mind

A

Structuralism

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15
Q

When did structuralism die out?

A

1900s

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16
Q

He established the technique of objective introspection

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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17
Q

It is the process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

A

Objective Introspection

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18
Q

Wilhelm Wundt’s Psychology Laboratory

A

Germany in 1879

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19
Q

He was Wundt’s student who brought structuralism to America

A

Edward Titchner

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20
Q

She is the first woman who received a PHD in Psychology and was a student of Titchner

A

Margaret Washburn

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21
Q

How the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

A

Functionalism

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22
Q

He proposed Functionalism

A

William James

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23
Q

Functionalism influenced 3 modern fields in psychology:

A

Educational, evolutionary, and industrial/organizational psychology

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24
Q

gestalt “ “ psychology

A

“good figure”

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25
Q

Gestalt psychology started with ___ who studied sensation and perception

A

Max Wertheimer

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26
Q

Gestalt ideas are now part of the study of ____

A

Cognitive Psychology

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27
Q

A field focusing not only on perception but also on learning, memory, thought processes, and problem-solving

A

Cognitive Psychology

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28
Q

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

A

Gestalt Psychology

29
Q

The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis

30
Q

He proposed that there is an unconscious (unaware) mind into which we push, or repress, all of our threatening urges and desires.

A

Sigmund Freud

31
Q

Freud stressed the importance of ____

A

early childhood experiences

32
Q

He is famous for his theories about birth order

A

Alfred Alder

33
Q

He proposed behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

34
Q

It is the science of behavior that focused on observable behavior only (stimulus response_

A

Behaviorism

35
Q

In behaviorism things must be directly

A

seen and measured

36
Q

Behaviorsim is based much on the work of

A

Ivan Pavlov

37
Q

It is the principle of learning

A

Classical Conditioning (Conditioned Stimulus)

38
Q

It is an unconditioned response

A

Unconditioned Stimulus

39
Q

She as an early pioneer in behavior theraphy

A

Mary Cover Jones

40
Q

More focused on the development of a sense of self and the
discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior
than sexual motivations.

A

Psychodynamic perspective

41
Q

studied operant conditioning of voluntary
behavior.

A

BF Skinner

42
Q

Behaviorism became a major force in the twentieth
century.

A

Behavioral Perspective

43
Q

Owes far more to the early roots of psychology in the field of philosophy.

A

Humanistic Perspective

44
Q

held the view that people have free will, and the freedom to choose their own destiny.

A

Humanist

45
Q

Early founders of Humanistic Perspective

A

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers

46
Q

achieving one’s full potential or actual self.

A

Self-actualization

47
Q

Focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem-solving, and learning.

A

Cognitive Perspective

48
Q

Focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.

A

Sociocultural Perspective

49
Q

Attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.

A

Biopsychological Perspective

50
Q

Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.

A

Evolutionary Perspective

51
Q

A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

A

Psychiatrist

52
Q

Either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis.

A

Psychoanalyst

53
Q

A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse.

A

Psychiatric Social Worker

54
Q

A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.

A

Psychologist

55
Q

System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.

A

Scientific Method

56
Q

Steps in the Scientific Method:

A

Perceive the question.
Form a hypothesis - a tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.
Test the hypothesis.
Draw conclusions.
Report your results so that others can try to replicate - repeat the study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate the reliability of results.

57
Q

Watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment.

A

Naturalistic observation

58
Q

the tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.

A

Observer effect

59
Q

a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed (to reduce observer effect).

A

Participant Observation

60
Q
  • the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
A

Observer bias

61
Q

people who do not know what the research question is (to reduce observer bias).

A

Blind observers

62
Q

Watching animals or humans behave in a laboratory setting.

A

Laboratory observation

63
Q

Study of one individual in great detail.

A

Case Study

64
Q

Famous Case Study

A

Phineas Gage

65
Q

Researchers will ask a series of questions about the topic under study.

A

Surveys

66
Q

a randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

A

sample

67
Q

the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

A

Population

68
Q
A

Psych 101 (56 decks)

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