1.9-1.14

Question 1

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

Answer 1

Correlation

Question 2

anything that can change or vary

Answer 2

Variable

Question 3

Measures of two variables go into a mathematical formula and produce a correlation coefficient (r), which represents two things:

Answer 3

Direction of the Relationship
Strength of the Relationship

Question 4

variables are related in the same direction.
As one increases, the other increases; as one decreases, the other decreases.

Answer 4

Positive Correlation

Question 5

variables are related in opposite directions
As one increases, the other decreases.

Answer 5

Negative Correlation

Question 6

A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.

Answer 6

Experiment

Question 7

Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured.

Answer 7

Operational Definition

Question 8

Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter.

Answer 8

Independent Variable (IV)

Question 9

Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment.

Answer 9

Dependent Variable (DV)

Question 10

Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable

Answer 10

Experimental Group

Question 11

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment (controls for confounding variable).

Answer 11

Control Group

Question 12

Process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group.

Answer 12

Random Assignment

Question 13

The phenomenon in which the expectation of the participants in a study can influence their behavior.

Answer 13

Placebo Effect

Question 14

Subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group (reduces placebo effect).

Answer 14

Single-blind Study

Question 15

Tendency of the experimenter’s expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study.

Answer 15

Experimenter Effect

Question 16

Neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experiment or control group (reduces placebo effect).

Answer 16

Double-blind Study

Question 17

Not considered true experiments because of the inability to randomly assign participants to the experimental and control groups (for example, if age is the variable of interest).

Answer 17

Quasiexperimental Designs

Question 18

Groups of psychologists or other professionals who look over each proposed research study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the participants in the study.

Answer 18

Ethics Committees

Question 19

Answers questions we could never do with human research
Focus is on avoiding exposing them to unnecessary pain or suffering.

Answer 19

Animal Research

Question 20

Making reasoned judgement about claims.

Answer 20

Critical Thinking