7.11-7.12

Question 1

is a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made to communicate with others.

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

is the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.

Answer 2

Grammar

Question 3

According to the famous linguist _
______, humans possess an inherent capacity to comprehend and produce language through the _____ which contains the schema for human language.

Answer 3

Noam Chomsky; Language Acquisition Device or LAD

Question 4

Grammar includes

Answer 4

phonemes, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics.

Question 5

Basic units of sound in a language
Ex. the difference of how we pronounce the sound of a, th, sh, and au

Answer 5

PHONEMES

Question 6

The smallest unit of meaning within a language
Ex. the word unlockable has three morphemes, un (not), lock (root word), and able (capable of)

Answer 6

MORPHEMES

Question 7

A system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
Ex. the different meanings of “John kidnapped the boy” and “John, kidnapped the boy”

Answer 7

SYNTAX

Question 8

The rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences - Ex. the semantic meaning is similar, but has a different syntax of “Johnny hit the ball” and “The ball was hit by Johnny”

Answer 8

SEMANTICS

Question 9

Aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social niceties of language
Ex. knowing how to take turns in conversations, using gestures, proper intonations, and the different ways of speaking to people

Answer 9

PRAGMATICS

Question 10

The
_____ marks a crucial cognitive milestone for children as it enables them to think in words, ask questions, communicate needs and wants, and form concepts.

Answer 10

development of language

Question 11

Language development in infancy is influenced by what they hear from adults and older children, also known as _____

Answer 11

child-directed speech

Question 12

In a recent _____ study, infants showed more prefrontal cortex activation to female-directed speech than male-directed speech.

Answer 12

fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy)

Question 13

Indicates that infants may possess a neurological mechanism for both attention to and preference for “___.”

Answer 13

motherese

Question 14

Infants appear to comprehend more than they can express, a phenomenon called the ___

Answer 14

receptive productive lag.

Question 15

Babies make vowel-like sounds

Answer 15

COOINGcAround 2 months of age

Question 16

Infants add consonant sounds to the vowels
Sound is similar to real speech
Deaf children can have lesser babbling at 6 months, increasing their use of primitive hand signs and gestures

Answer 16

BABBLING Around 6 months

Question 17

Children say actual words
Words typically denote nouns and may encompass a phrase, referred to as holophrases
Ex. “Milk” could mean “I want some milk”

Answer 17

ONE-WORD SPEECH Before or around age 1

Question 18

Toddlers piece together words to form short sentences
Ex. “Baby eat,” “Mommy go,” “Doggie go bye-bye”

Answer 18

TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH
Around 1 and ½ years

Question 19

They learn to use grammar and increase their vocabulary
Typically age 6 are almost as fluent as adults, only lacking comprehensive vocabulary

Answer 19

WHOLE SENTENCES
Preschool years