13.8-13.12

Question 1

– the “third
force” in psychology that focuses on those aspects
of personality that make people uniquely human,
such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice.

Answer 1

HUMANISM PERSPECTIVE

Question 2

Both __
(1961) believed human
beings are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities
and capabilities and to become everything their
genetic potential will allow them to become.

Answer 2

Maslow and Rogers

Question 3

This
striving for fulfillment is called the
__

Answer 3

self- actualizing
tendency.

Question 4

An important tool in human selfactualization
is the development of an image of oneself,
or the __.

Answer 4

self-concept

Question 5

The ___is based on
what people are told by others and how the sense of
self is reflected in the words and actions of important
people in one’s life such as parents, siblings, coworkers,
friends, and teachers.

Answer 5

self-concept

Question 6

– one’s actual conception
of characteristics, traits, and
abilities that form the basis of the
striving for self-actualization.

Answer 6

Real Self

Question 7

the perception of what
one should be or would like to be.

Answer 7

Ideal Self –

Question 8

believes that when the real self and
the ideal self are very close or similar to
each other, people feel competent and
capable

Answer 8

Roger

Question 9

When there is a mismatch, __ can be a result.

Answer 9

anxiety and
neurotic behavior

Question 10

– the warmth,
affection, love, and respect that come from
significant others in people’s experiences.

Answer 10

POSITIVE REGARD

Question 11

positive regard that is given
without conditions or strings
attached.

Answer 11

Unconditional Positive Regard –

Question 12

positive regard that is given only
when the person is doing what the
providers of positive regard wish.

Answer 12

Conditional Positive Regard –

Question 13

For Rogers, a person who is in the process
of self-actualizing, actively exploring
potentials and abilities and experiencing a
match between the real self and ideal self,
is a

Answer 13

fully functioning person

Question 14

people who are in touch with their
own feelings and abilities and are
able to trust their innermost urges
and intuitions.

Answer 14

Fully Functioning Person –

Question 15

In Roger’s view, only a fully functioning
person is capable of reaching the goal of

Answer 15

self-actualization.

Question 16

– theories that endeavor to
describe the characteristics that make up human
personality in an effort to predict future behavior.

Answer 16

TRAIT THEORIES

Question 17

– a consistent, enduring way of
thinking, feeling, or behaving.

Answer 17

Trait

Question 18

One of the earliest attempts to list and
describe the traits that make up personality
can be found in the work of

Answer 18

Gordon
Allport.

Question 19

Scanned the dictionary for words
that could be traits, finding about
18,000.

Answer 19

reduced to 200

Question 20

Allport believed these traits were
wired into the __ to
guide behavior across many
different situations

Answer 20

nervous system

Question 21

defined two types of
traits as surface traits and source traits.

Answer 21

Raymond Cattell

Question 22

aspects of
personality that can easily be seen
by other people in the outward
actions of a person.

Answer 22

Surface Traits –

Question 23

the more basic
traits that underlie the surface
traits, forming the core of
personality.

Answer 23

Source Traits – t

Question 24

– dimension
of personality in which
people tend to withdraw
from excessive stimulation.

Answer 24

Introversion

Question 25

Using a statistical technique that looks for
groupings and commonalities in numerical
data called ___Cattell
identified 16 source traits.

Answer 25

factor analysis,

Question 26

Although he later determined that there
might be another 7 source traits to make a
total of __

Answer 26

23

Question 27

Raymond Cattell developed his
assessment questionnaire, The __

Answer 27

Sixteen
Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire.

Question 28

These 16 source traits are seen as

__in which there are two opposite traits at each end
of the spectrum.

Answer 28

trait dimensions

Question 29

– model
of personality traits that describes five basic trait
dimensions.

Answer 29

FIVE-FACTOR MODEL (BIG FIVE)

Question 30

– can be best described as a
person’s willingness to try new things and
be open to new experiences

Answer 30

OPENNESS

Question 31

– refers to a
person’s degree of organization and
motivation.

Answer 31

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

Question 32

– a term first used by
Carl Jung (1933), who believed that all
people could be divided into two
personality types: extraverts and
introverts.

Answer 32

EXTRAVERSION

Question 33

– are more outgoing
and sociable

Answer 33

Extraverts

Question 34

– are more solitary and
dislike being the center of
attention

Answer 34

Introverts

Question 35

– the basic
emotional style of a person, who may be
easygoing, friendly, and pleasant or
grumpy, crabby, and hard to get along
with.

Answer 35

AGREEABLENESS

Question 36

– refers to emotional
instability or stability

Answer 36

NEUROTICISM

Question 37

the
assumption that the particular
circumstances of any given
situation will influence the way in
which a trait is expressed.

Answer 37

Trait-Situation Interaction –

Question 38

The five-factor model provides a
__ to classifying
personality structure (as opposed to a
categorical approach), which is consistent
with possible alternative approaches to
diagnosing personality disorders.

Answer 38

dimensional approach