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Psych 101 > 2.1-2.6 > Flashcards

2.1-2.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

an extensive network of specializd cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue.

A

Neuroscience

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3
Q

the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which received and sends messages within that system.

A

Neurons

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4
Q

branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons.

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell.

A

Soma

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6
Q

long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells.

A

Axon

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7
Q

grey fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons.

A

Glial cells

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8
Q

fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse.

A

Myelin

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9
Q

bundles of axons in the body that travel together through the body. Tunnel through which damaged nerve fibers can repair themselves.

A

Nerves

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10
Q

Schwann’s membrane

A

Neurilemma

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11
Q

charged particles

A

ions

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12
Q

Inside neuron -

A

negatively charged.

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13
Q

Outside neuron

A
  • positively charged.
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14
Q

The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse.

A

Resting potential

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15
Q

the release of the neural impulse consisting of a reversal of the electrical charge within the axon.

A

Action potential

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16
Q

referring to the fact that a neuron either fires completely or does nnot dire at all.

A

All-or-none-

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17
Q

Sending the message to other cells

A

Neuron Communication

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18
Q

branches at the end of the axon.

A

Axon terminals

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19
Q

rounnded areas on the end of axon terminals.

A

Synaptic knob

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20
Q

sack-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals.

A

Synaptic vesicles

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21
Q

chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released , has an effect on the next cell.

A

Neurotransmitters

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22
Q

microscopic fluid-filled space between the rounded areas on the end of the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites or surface of the next cell.

A

Synapse/Synaptic Gap

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23
Q

Holes in the surface of the dendrutes or certain cells of the muscles and glads, which are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A

Receptor Sites -

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24
Q

neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire.

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

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25
Q

neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing.

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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26
Q

mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing or decreasing the activity of that cell.

A

Agonists

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27
Q

block or reduce a cell’s response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters.

A

Antagonists

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28
Q

Involved in arousal, attention, memory, and controls muscle contractions (EI)

A

Acetylcholine

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29
Q

involved in mood, sleep, and appetite (EI)

A

Serotonin

30
Q

sleep and inhibits movement (MI)

A

GABA (Gamma aminobutyric acid)

31
Q

Learning, memory formulation, ns development, and synaptic plasticity (ME)

A

Glutamate

32
Q

Involved in arousal and mood ME

A

Norepinephrine

33
Q

Control of movement and sensations of pleasure (EI)

A

Dopamine

34
Q

pain relief (I)

A

Endorphins

35
Q

process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles.

A

Reuptake -

36
Q

a complex protein that is manufactured by cells.

A

Enzyme

37
Q

part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

38
Q

a long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain that is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes.

A

Spinal Cord

39
Q

a neuron that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system

A

Sensory Neuron

40
Q

Also called afferent neuron

A

Sensory Neuron

41
Q

a neuron that carries messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body

A

Motor Neuron

42
Q

Also called efferent neuron.

A

Motor Neuron

43
Q

a neuron found in the center of the spinal cord that receives information from the sensory neurons and sends commands to the muscles through the motor neurons.

A

Interneuron

44
Q

the ability to constantly change both the structure and function of cell involved in trauma.

A

Neuroplasticity

45
Q

All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

46
Q

Division of the PNS consisting
of nerves that carry information from the senses to
the CNS and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles
of the body.

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

47
Q

nerves coming from the
sensory organs to the CNS consisting of
sensory neurons.

A

Sensory pathway

48
Q

nerves coming from the CNS
to the voluntary muscles, consisting of motor
neurons.

A

Motor pathway

49
Q

Division of the PNS consisting of nerves that control all the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands sensory pathway nerves coming from the sensory organs to the CNS consisting of sensory neurons.

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

50
Q

part of the ANS that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal.

A

Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system)

51
Q

part of the ANS that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day-to-day functioninng of the organs and glands.

A

Parasympathetic division

52
Q

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine Glands

53
Q

chemicals released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.

A

Hormones

54
Q

gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone and influences all other hormon-secreting glands (also known as the master gland).

A

Pituitary Gland

55
Q

endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secrets melatonin.

A

Pineal Gland

56
Q

endocrine gland found in the neck that regulates metabolism.

A

Thyroid gland

57
Q

endocrine gland that controls the levels of sugar in the blood.

A

Pancreas

58
Q

the sex glands that secrete hormones that regulate sexual development and behavior as well as reproduction.

A

Gonads

59
Q

the female gonads

A

Ovaries

60
Q

the male gonads.

A

Testes

61
Q

endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that secrete over 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence.

A

Adrenal Glands

62
Q

insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroyed the brain cells at the top of the wire.

A

Deep lesioning

63
Q

milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message.

A

Electrical Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)

64
Q

Machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain.

A

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

65
Q

Brain-imaginng method using computer controlled X-rays of the brain.

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

66
Q

Brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain.

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

67
Q

Brain-imaging method in which a radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain with lighter colors indicating more activity.

A

Positron Emission Tomograohy (PET)

68
Q

Computer makes a sort of “movie” of changes in the activity of the brain using images from different time periods.

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

69
Q

Records electric activity of the brain below specific areas of the skull.

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

70
Q

Similar to PET but uses different radioactive tracers.

A

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Psych 101 (56 decks)

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