11.6-11.9

Question 1

___
area of psychology focusing on how physical
activities, psychological traits, stress
reactions, and social relationships affect
overall health and rate of illnesses.

Answer 1

health psychology

Question 2

___ is a subfield of health psychology focused on using the
knowledge gained by researchers in the field to help promote healthy lifestyles, help people
maintain their health, and also prevent or treat illnesses

Answer 2

Clinical health psychology

Question 3

Health psychology also
has connections to ___, a field combining both medicine and psychology as
well as numerous other scientific fields related to health issues (

Answer 3

behavioral psychology

Question 4

___ such as how an individual
interprets a stressful event, can also affect the impact of stress.

Answer 4

Cognitive factors,

Question 5

Cognitive psychologist ____developed a cognitive view of stress
called the ______y of emotions, in which the way people think about
and appraise a stressor is a major factor in how stressful that particular stressor becomes

Answer 5

Richard Lazarus; cognitive–mediational theor

Question 6

The first step in appraising a stressor is
called ___, which involves estimating
the severity of the stressor and classifying
it as a threat (something that could be harmful
in the future), a challenge (something to be met
and defeated), or a harm or loss that has already
occurred.

Answer 6

primary appraisal

Question 7

In
___, people who have
identified a threat or harmful effect must estimate
the resources that they have available for
coping with the stressor.

Answer 7

secondary appraisal

Question 8

relationship between task
performance and arousal has been explained by the
___

Answer 8

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 9

___
law stating that when tasks are simple,
a higher level of arousal leads to better
performance; when tasks are difficult,
lower levels of arousal lead to better
performance.

Answer 9

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 10

__
_Those positive and negative traits just discussed are some of the
factors associated with personality types that have been related to how people deal with
stress and that may influence CHD.

Answer 10

PERSONALITY TYPES

Question 11

_____examined the impact of
specific personality traits on coronary heart
disease in 1974.

Answer 11

Meyer Freidman and
Ray Rosenman

Question 12

___ people are workaholics—they are very competitive, ambitious, hate to waste
time, and are easily annoyed. They feel a constant sense of pressure and have a strong tendency
to try to do several things at once. Often successful but frequently unsatisfied, they
always seem to want to go faster and do more, and they get easily upset over small things.

Answer 12

Type A

Question 13

___ people are not that competitive or driven, tend to be easygoing
and slow to anger, and seem relaxed and at peace

Answer 13

Type B

Question 14

A third personality type was identified by researchers
_
___
(1992) as being associated with a higher incidence of cancer.

Answer 14

Temoshok and Dreher

Question 15

___people tend to be
very pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially
negative ones. They tend to internalize their anger and often experience a sense of despair
over the loss of a loved one or a loss of hope. They are often lonely.

Answer 15

Type C

Question 16

____ Another set of personality characteristics has become a topic of interest
to researchers and seems to characterize individuals who are prone to experience
psychological distress. ____or “distressed” individuals are prone to chronic stress,
tend to experience negative emotions such as anxiety and depression across multiple
situations, and experience social inhibition due to fear of rejection or disapproval

Answer 16

Type D,

Question 17

Not all Type A people are prone to heart disease. Some people
actually seem to thrive on stress instead of letting stress wear them down. These people
have what is called the ____

Answer 17

hardy personality, type h

Question 18

hardy personality, a term first coined by psychologist ___

Answer 18

Suzanne
Kobasa (1979).

Question 19

Hardy people (call them “Type H”) differ from ordinary, hostile Type A
people and others who suffer more ill effects due to stress in three ways:

Answer 19

commitment, control, challenges

Question 20

___ - habitually anticipate
positive outcomes

Answer 20

Optimists

Question 21

● - expect the worst

Answer 21

Pessimists

Question 22

Lack of sufficient
money to provide the basic necessities of life can lead to many stressors
for both adults and children:

Answer 22

poverty

Question 23

Even if a person has a job and is making an adequate salary,
there are stresses associated with the workplace that add to daily stressors.

Answer 23

JOB STRESS

Question 24

___ can be defined as negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a
result of prolonged stress or frustration, resulting in both mental and physical exhaustion

Answer 24

Burnout

Question 25

__ means the process
of adapting to a new or different culture, often the dominant culture

Answer 25

Acculturation

Question 26

The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the
dominant or majority culture is called ___

Answer 26

acculturative stress

Question 27

__, in which the individual tries to maintain a sense of the original cultural identity while also trying to form a positive
relationship with members of the majority culture

Answer 27

integration

Question 28

In
_
__, the minority person gives up the old cultural identity and completely
adopts the majority culture’s ways.

Answer 28

assimilation

Question 29

__ is a pattern in which the minority person rejects the majority culture’s
ways and tries to maintain the original cultural identity. Members of the minority culture
refuse to learn the language of the dominant culture, and they live where others from
their culture live, socializing only with others from their original culture

Answer 29

Separation

Question 30

The greatest acculturative stress will most likely be experienced by people who are
___, neither maintaining contact with their original culture nor joining the majority
culture.

Answer 30

marginalized