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Psych 101 > 13.1-13.3 > Flashcards

13.1-13.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

– the sum total of who a person
is—their attitudes and reactions, both physical and
emotional.

A

PERSONALITY

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2
Q

The unique way in which each individual
thinks, acts, and feels throughout life.

A

PERSONALITY

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3
Q

– the value judgment
made about a person’s moral or
ethical behavior.

A

Character

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4
Q

– the biologically
innate and enduring characteristics
with which each person is born.

A

Temperament

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5
Q

is an area of psychology in
which there are several ways to explain the
characteristic behavior of human beings

A

Personality

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6
Q

Every adult personality is a combination
of temperaments and __ of
family, culture, and the time during which
they grew up.

A

personal history

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7
Q

The ___ had its beginnings in the work of Sigmund Freud and
still exists today. It focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development
of personality. This perspective is also heavily focused on biological causes of personality
differences

A

psychodynamic perspective

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8
Q

This approach focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and, as
addressed here, includes aspects of social cognitive theory in that, interactions with
others and personal thought processes also influence learning and personality

A

behavioral perspective

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9
Q

The ___first arose as a reaction against the psychoanalytic and
behaviorist perspectives and focuses on the role of each person’s conscious life experiences
and choices in personality development.

A

humanistic perspective

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10
Q

The ___ differs from the other three in its basic goals: The psychodynamic,
behaviorist, and humanistic perspectives all seek to explain the process that
causes personality to form into its unique characteristics, whereas trait theorists
are more concerned with the end result—the characteristics themselves.

A

trait perspective

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11
Q

Freud believed that the mind was divided
into three parts: the __

A

preconscious,
conscious, and unconscious.

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12
Q

– level of the mind in
which one’s current awareness
exists.

A

Conscious

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13
Q

– level of the
mind containing memories, events,
and information of which one can
become easily aware.

A

Preconscious Mind

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14
Q

– level of the
mind that remains hidden at all
times, surfacing only in symbolic
forms in dreams

A

Unconscious Mind

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15
Q

Freud believed that the
__
was the most important determinant of
human behavior and personality

A

unconscious mind

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16
Q

ID – a Latin word that means
__

A

“it.”

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17
Q

An unconscious, pleasure-seeking,
amoral part of the personality that
exists at birth, containing all of the
basic biological drives

A

ID

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18
Q

– the need to seek
out pleasurable sensations.

A

Pleasure Drive

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19
Q

– the desire for
immediate gratification of needs
with no regard for the
consequences.
–

A

Pleasure Principle

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20
Q

If it feels good, do it.

A

ID

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21
Q

EGO – a Latin word that means

A

“I.”

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22
Q

Part of the personality that
develops out of a need to deal with
reality.

A

EGO

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23
Q

Mostly conscious and is far more
rational, logical, and cunning than
the id.

A

EGO

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24
Q

– the satisfaction
of the demands of the id only when
negative consequences will not
result.

A

Reality Principle

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25
Q

If it feels good, do it, but only if
you can get away with it.

A

EGO

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26
Q

SUPEREGO – a Latin word that means

A

“over the self.”

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27
Q

Part of the personality that acts as a
moral center.

A

SUPEREGO

28
Q

The superego contains the
__, which is the part of the
personality that makes people feel
guilt or moral anxiety.

A

conscience

29
Q

– unconscious
distortions of a person’s perception
of reality that reduce stress and
anxiety.

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE
MECHANISMS

30
Q

These defense mechanisms were
mainly outlined and studied by Freud’s daughter,

A

Anna Freud

31
Q

: refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation

A

Denial

32
Q

: “pushing” threatening or conflicting events or situations out
of conscious memory

A

repression

33
Q

: making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable
behavior.

A

rationalization

34
Q

: placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if
the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself

A

Projection

35
Q

forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the
opposite of one’s threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts.

A

reaction formation:

36
Q

: expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed
at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target.

A

Displacement

37
Q

: falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with
stressful situations.

A

regression

38
Q

: trying to become like someone else to deal with one’s
anxiety.

A

Identification

39
Q

trying to make up for areas in which a
deficit is perceived by becoming superior in some other area.

A

Compensation (substitution):

40
Q

– the five stages of
personality development proposed by Freud and
tied to the sexual development of the child.

A

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE

41
Q

At each stage, a different
____
or area of the body that produces
pleasurable feelings, becomes important
and can become a source of conflicts.

A

erogenous zone,

42
Q

Conflicts that are not fully resolved can
result in
__

A

fixation

43
Q

__ – disorder in which the
person does not fully resolve the
conflict in a particular
psychosexual stage, resulting in
personality traits and behavior
associated with that earlier stage.

A

Fixation

44
Q

ORAL STAGE (First 18 Months) – the
erogenous zone is the.

A

mouth

45
Q

that occurs too soon or too late
can result in too little or too much
satisfaction of the child’s oral needs.

A

Weaning

46
Q

Conflict in this stage can result in
overeating, drinking too much, talking too
much, nail biting, and a tendency to be
either too optimistic or too pessimistic

A

ORAL STAGE (First 18 Months)

47
Q

ANAL STAGE (18 to 36 Months) – as
the child becomes a toddler, Freud
believed that the erogenous zone moves
from the mouth to the __

A

anus

48
Q

_becomes the source of
conflict in this psychosexual stage.

A

Toilet training

49
Q

Fixation in the anal stage, from toilet
training that is too harsh, can take one of
two forms:

A

Anal Expulsive Personality
Anal Retentive Personality

50
Q

someone who sees messiness as a
statement of personal control.

A

Anal Expulsive Personality –

51
Q

someone stingy, stubborn, and
excessively neat

A

Anal Retentive Personality –

52
Q

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years) – the
erogenous zone shifts to the __ where
the child first begins to discover sexual
feelings.

A

genitals

53
Q

Most children have already engaged in
perfectly normal self-stimulation of the
genitals, or
__.

A

masturbation

54
Q

This awakening of __ and
interest in the genitals.

A

sexual curiosity

55
Q

Phallic comes from the Greek word

__

A

Phallos, which means “penis.”

56
Q

men’s fear
of losing the penis_

A

Castration Anxiety

57
Q

girl experience
anxiety at not having a penis.

A

Penis Envy

58
Q

__– men feel the need
to compensate for their lack of
child-bearing ability.

A

Womb Envy

59
Q

People who are fixated in this stage will
often exhibit promiscuous sexual behavior
and be very vain.

A

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years)

60
Q

Men with this fixation may be “mama’s
boys” who never quite grow up, and
women with this fixation may look for
much older father figures to marry.

A

PHALLIC STAGE (3 to 6 Years)

61
Q

– situation
wherein a male child develops a sexual
attraction to the opposite-sex parent and
jealousy of the same-sex parent.

A

OEDIPUS COMPLEX

62
Q

Female children develop an

A

Electra Complex.

63
Q

From age 6 to the onset of puberty, children will
remain in this stage of hidden, or latent, sexual feelings, so this stage is called

A

latency

64
Q

– occurs during the school years, in which
the sexual feelings of the child are
repressed while the child develops in other
ways.

A

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

65
Q

Age at which girls and boys think the
opposite sex is pretty awful.

A

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

66
Q

children grow and develop intellectually, physically, and socially but not
sexually.

A

LATENCY STAGE (6 Years to Puberty)

67
Q

stage
where sexual urges are allowed back into
consciousness and the individual moves
toward adult social and sexual behavior.

A

GENITAL STAGE (Puberty On) –

Psych 101 (56 decks)

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