12.13-12.15 Flashcards
● Refers to a strong affection for
another person due to kinship,
personal ties, sexual attraction,
admiration, or common
interests.
LOVE
outlined a
theory of what he determined
were the three main
components of love and the
different types of love that
combinations of these three
components can produce
Robert Sternberg
- The feelings of closeness
that one has for another
person or the sense of
having close emotional
ties to another. - __ in this sense is
not physical but
psychological.
INTIMACY
- The physical aspect of
love. __ refers to the
emotional and sexual
arousal a person feels
toward the other person. - ___ is not simply sex;
holding hands, loving
looks, and hugs can all be
forms of passion.
PASSION
- The decisions one makes
about a relationship.
COMMITMENT
○ intimacy and passion are
combined
○ sometimes called
passionate love by other
researchers○ Often the basis for a more
lasting relationship.
ROMANTIC LOVE
○ Intimacy and
commitment are the
main components of a
relationship.
○ People who like each
other, feel emotionally
close to each other and
understand one another’s
motives have committed
to live together, usually in
a married relationship.
○ Often the binding tie that
holds a marriage together
through the years of
parenting, paying bills,
and lessening physical
passion
COMPANIONATE LOVE
○ Achieved when all three
components of love are
present.
○ The ideal form of love that
many people see as the
ultimate goal
CONSUMMATE LOVE
When one person tries to harm
another person deliberately,
either physically or
psychologically, psychologists
call it.
aggression
is not the only
source of aggressive behavior.
Many early researchers,
including Sigmund Freud (1930),
believed that aggression was a
basic human instinct, part of our
death instinct
Frustration
There is some evidence
that human aggression
has, at least partially, a
__
genetic basis.
, a male sex
hormone, has been linked
to higher levels of
aggression in humans
Testosterone
Aggressive behavior is
learned (in a process
called observational
learning) by watching
aggressive models get
reinforced for their
aggressive behavior
SOCIAL LEARNING
EXPLANATIONS FOR
AGGRESSION
■ The pattern of
behavior that is
expected of a
person who is in a
particular social
position.
THE POWER OF SOCIAL
ROLES
○ Exposure to violent
media, including
television and video
games, has been shown
to increase aggressive
behaviors in children and
adults. This effect is
particularly pronounced
in children, who are more
impressionable and may
mimic the aggressive
actions they see.
VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA AND
AGGRESSION
● Another and far more pleasant
form of human social
interaction.
● Socially desirable behavior that
benefits others rather than
brings them harm
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR
● Prosocial behavior that is done
with no expectation of reward
and may involve the risk of harm
to oneself.
ALTRUISM
● Referring to the effect that the
presence of other people has on
the decision to help or not help,
with help becoming less likely
as the number of bystanders
increases.
BYSTANDER EFFECT
○ occurring when a person
fails to take responsibility
for actions or for inaction
because of the presence
of other people who are
seen to share the
responsibility.
○ a form of attribution in
which people explain why
they acted (or failed to
act) as they did because
of others.
DIFFUSION OF
RESPONSIBILITY
Realizing there is a situation that might be an
emergency
Noticing
Interpreting the cues as signaling an emergency
Defining an Emergency
Personally assuming the responsibility to act
Taking Responsibility
Deciding how to help and what skills might be
needed
Planning a Course of Action
Actually helping
Taking Action
