3.9-3.11

Question 1

the tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background.

Answer 1

Figure-ground

Question 2

visual in which the figure and ground can be reversed.

Answer 2

Reversible figures

Question 3

the tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group.

Answer 3

Similarity

Question 4

the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.

Answer 4

Proximity

Question 5

the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.

Answer 5

Closure

Question 6

the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.

Answer 6

Continuity

Question 7

the tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related.

Answer 7

Contiguity

Question 8

the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.

Answer 8

Depth Perception

Question 9

are the cues for perceiving depth based on one eye only.

Answer 9

Monocular Clues
(pictorial depth cues)

Question 10

the tendency for parallel lines to appear converge on each other.

Answer 10

Linear perspective

Question 11

perception that occurs when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small and are, therefore, assumed to be much farther away.

Answer 11

Relative size

Question 12

the assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the view.

Answer 12

Interposition (overlap)

Question 13

the haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater.

Answer 13

Aerial perspective

Question 14

the tendency for textured surfaces to appear to become smaller and finer as the distance from the viewer increases.

Answer 14

Texture gradient

Question 15

the perception of motion of objects that appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away.

Answer 15

Motion parallax

Question 16

as a monocular clue, the brain’s use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away.

Answer 16

Accommodation

Question 17

Cues for perceiving depth based on both eyes.

Answer 17

Binocular Cues

Question 18

the rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object, resulting in greater convergence for closer objects and lesser convergence if objects are distant.

Answer 18

Convergence

Question 19

the difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects.

Answer 19

Binocular disparity

Question 20

is possibly due to the response of the primary visual cortex

Answer 20

The Herman Grid

Question 21

illusion of line length that is distorted by inward-turning or outward-turning corners on the ends of the lines, causing lines of equal length to appear to be different.

Answer 21

Müller-Lyer Illusion

Question 22

the moon on the horizon appears to be larger than the moon in the sky.

Answer 22

Moon Illusion

Question 23

Illusions of Motion:

Answer 23

Autokinetic Effect, Stroboscopic motion, The Enigma, Rotating Snakes, Phi Phenomenon

Question 24

a small, stationary light in a darkened room will appear to move or drift because there are no surrounding cues to indicate that the light is not moving.

Answer 24

Autokinetic Effect

Question 25

seen in motion pictures, in which a rapid series of still pictures will appear to be in motion.

Answer 25

Stroboscopic Motion

Question 26

lights turned on in a sequence appear to move.

Answer 26

Phi Phenomenon

Question 27

is due in part to eye movements.

Answer 27

Rotating Snakes

Question 28

are due inn part to microsaccarades.

Answer 28

The Enigma

Question 29

the last type of perceptual illusiomn

Answer 29

Ame’s Room Illusion

Question 30

the tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions.

Answer 30

Perceptual Set (Perceptual Expectancy)

Question 31

the use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole.

Answer 31

Top-down processing

Question 32

the analysis of the smaller features to build up to a complete perception.

Answer 32

Bottom-up processing