13.4-13.6

Question 1

an insight therapy based
on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing
of unconscious conflicts

Answer 1

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Question 2

– followers of Freud who
developed their own competing
psychodynamic theories

Answer 2

Neo-Freudians

Question 3

– believed that the
unconscious held much more than
personal fears, urges, and memories.

Answer 3

CARL GUSTAV JUNG

Question 4

– Jung’s
name for the unconscious mind as
described by Freud.

Answer 4

Personal Unconscious

Question 5

– Jung’s
name for the memories shared by
all members of the human species

Answer 5

Collective Unconscious

Question 6

These collective, universal
human memories were
called

Answer 6

archetypes

Question 7

– the feminine side
of a man

Answer 7

Anima

Question 8

– the masculine
side of a woman.

Answer 8

Animus

Question 9

– the dark side of
the personality.

Answer 9

Shadow

Question 10

– the side of one’s
personality shown to the
world.

Answer 10

Persona

Question 11

theorizes that
people all develop feelings of inferiority
when comparing themselves to more
powerful, superior adults.

Answer 11

ALFRED ADLER –

Question 12

The driving force behind all human
endeavors, emotions and thoughts for
Adler was not seeking of pleasure but the
seeking of

Answer 12

superiority`

Question 13

Adler also developed a theory that the

__ of a child affected personality

Answer 13

birth order

Question 14

– countered Freud’s
penis envy with her own concept of womb
envy.

Answer 14

KAREN HORNEY

Question 15

– anxiety created
when a child is born into the bigger
and more powerful world of older
children and adults.

Answer 15

Basic Anxiety

Question 16

–
personalities typified by
maladaptive ways of dealing with
relationships as a result of basic
anxiety.

Answer 16

Neurotic Personalities

Question 17

– emphasized the social
relationships that are important at every
stage of life.

Answer 17

ERIK ERIKSON

Question 18

(researchers who
use the principles of conditioning to explain the actions and reactions of both animals and
humans)

Answer 18

Behaviorists

Question 19

(researchers who emphasize the influence of social
and cognitive factors on learning

Answer 19

social cognitive theorists

Question 20

For the
__, personality is nothing
more than a set of learned responses habits

Answer 20

behaviorists

Question 21

– sets of well-learned
responses that have become
automatic.

Answer 21

Habits

Question 22

theorists who emphasize the importance of
both the influences of other people’s
behavior and of a person’s own
expectancies on learning

Answer 22

Social Cognitive Learning theorists –

Question 23

One of the most well-researched learning
theories in this concept is the social
cognitive theory of

Answer 23

Albert Bandura

Question 24

learning
theory that includes cognitive
processes, such as anticipating,
judging, memory, and imitation of
models.

Answer 24

Social Cognitive View –

Question 25

Bandura
(1989) believes three factors influence one another in determining the
patterns of behavior that make up personality:
—the person brings into the
situation from earlier experiences

Answer 25

the environment, the behavior
itself, and personal or cognitive factors

Question 26

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors
of environment, personal characteristics,
and behavior can interact to determine
future behavior

Answer 26

RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM –

Question 27

– a person’s
expectancy of how effective his or her
efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any
particular circumstance

Answer 27

SELF-EFFICACY

Question 28

devised a theory based on a
basic principle of motivation derived from
Thorndike’s law of effect wherein people
are motivated to seek reinforcement and
avoid punishment.

Answer 28

Julian Rotter

Question 29

– the tendency
for people to assume that they either have
control or do not have control over events
and consequences in their lives.

Answer 29

LOCUS OF CONTROL

Question 30

People who assume their own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences they
experience are said to be

Answer 30

internal in locus of control

Question 31

whereas people who assume their
lives are more controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate are

Answer 31

external in locus of control

Question 32

– a person’s
subjective feeling that a particular
behavior will lead to a reinforcing
consequence.

Answer 32

Expectancy

Question 33

– refers to
an individual’s preference for a
particular reinforcer over all other
possible reinforcing consequences

Answer 33

Reinforcement Value

Question 34

Traditional behavioral personality theory
has scientific support but is criticized as
being too _.

Answer 34

simplistic