13.4-13.6 Flashcards
an insight therapy based
on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing
of unconscious conflicts
PSYCHOANALYSIS
– followers of Freud who
developed their own competing
psychodynamic theories
Neo-Freudians
– believed that the
unconscious held much more than
personal fears, urges, and memories.
CARL GUSTAV JUNG
– Jung’s
name for the unconscious mind as
described by Freud.
Personal Unconscious
– Jung’s
name for the memories shared by
all members of the human species
Collective Unconscious
These collective, universal
human memories were
called
archetypes
– the feminine side
of a man
Anima
– the masculine
side of a woman.
Animus
– the dark side of
the personality.
Shadow
– the side of one’s
personality shown to the
world.
Persona
theorizes that
people all develop feelings of inferiority
when comparing themselves to more
powerful, superior adults.
ALFRED ADLER –
The driving force behind all human
endeavors, emotions and thoughts for
Adler was not seeking of pleasure but the
seeking of
superiority`
Adler also developed a theory that the
__ of a child affected personality
birth order
– countered Freud’s
penis envy with her own concept of womb
envy.
KAREN HORNEY
– anxiety created
when a child is born into the bigger
and more powerful world of older
children and adults.
Basic Anxiety
–
personalities typified by
maladaptive ways of dealing with
relationships as a result of basic
anxiety.
Neurotic Personalities
– emphasized the social
relationships that are important at every
stage of life.
ERIK ERIKSON
(researchers who
use the principles of conditioning to explain the actions and reactions of both animals and
humans)
Behaviorists
(researchers who emphasize the influence of social
and cognitive factors on learning
social cognitive theorists
For the
__, personality is nothing
more than a set of learned responses habits
behaviorists
– sets of well-learned
responses that have become
automatic.
Habits
theorists who emphasize the importance of
both the influences of other people’s
behavior and of a person’s own
expectancies on learning
Social Cognitive Learning theorists –
One of the most well-researched learning
theories in this concept is the social
cognitive theory of
Albert Bandura
learning
theory that includes cognitive
processes, such as anticipating,
judging, memory, and imitation of
models.
Social Cognitive View –
Bandura
(1989) believes three factors influence one another in determining the
patterns of behavior that make up personality:
—the person brings into the
situation from earlier experiences
the environment, the behavior
itself, and personal or cognitive factors
Bandura’s explanation of how the factors
of environment, personal characteristics,
and behavior can interact to determine
future behavior
RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM –
– a person’s
expectancy of how effective his or her
efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any
particular circumstance
SELF-EFFICACY
devised a theory based on a
basic principle of motivation derived from
Thorndike’s law of effect wherein people
are motivated to seek reinforcement and
avoid punishment.
Julian Rotter
– the tendency
for people to assume that they either have
control or do not have control over events
and consequences in their lives.
LOCUS OF CONTROL
People who assume their own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences they
experience are said to be
internal in locus of control
whereas people who assume their
lives are more controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate are
external in locus of control
– a person’s
subjective feeling that a particular
behavior will lead to a reinforcing
consequence.
Expectancy
– refers to
an individual’s preference for a
particular reinforcer over all other
possible reinforcing consequences
Reinforcement Value
Traditional behavioral personality theory
has scientific support but is criticized as
being too _.
simplistic
