7.13 Flashcards
proposed that concepts came before and supported the evolution of language.
Jean Piaget
He observed that preschoolers appeared to engage in extensive ___, even when playing with another child.
self-talk
Each child would be engaged in unrelated speech, a phenomenon known as a ____
collective monologue.
He identified this as ____, noting it reduces as children become more socially involved
egocentric nonsocial speech
___held a contrasting view to Piaget’s. He proposed that language facilitated the development of concepts and could also assist children in regulating their behavior, including social interactions.
Lev Vygotsky
For him, the word helped form the concept.
Lev Vygotsky
He believed preschoolers’ ____helped them plan and organize actions to achieve their goals.
private speech (egocentric speech)
Named after the two theorists who developed it, Edward Sapir and his student, Benjamin Lee Whorf.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis named after
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf
This theory presupposes that the language of that culture shapes the cognitive 13 processes and conceptual frameworks within a culture.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
This is the later-evolved name of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
The theory that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language.
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Words people use to determine much of how they think about the world around them.
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Whorf famously cited the ____, indigenous Arctic peoples, as an example, noting their extensive vocabulary for various types of snow compared to other cultures.
One estimate was 23 different words, other estimates were hundreds.
Inuits
a study by ___ and others found that color terms were irrelevant.
Eleanor Rosch-Heider
Recent studies support _______(concepts are universal and influence language development) over linguistic relativity, echoing Rosch-Heider’s findings.
cognitive universalism
Researchers explore the connection between ____, indicating support for linguistic relativity, which suggests that language can influence our perceptions of space, time, colors, and objects.
language and thought
____ can influence the perception of others.
language
Animals can communicate in many ways. They use sounds and physical behaviors.
ANIMAL STUDIES IN LANGUAGE
Meanwhile, in human language, symbols are used ____, not by instinct.
deliberately and voluntarily
____ have no meaning until people assign such.
Abstract symbols
The most successful experiment was with _____, _____.
Trained to press abstract symbols on a computer keyboard.
Kanzi, a bonobo chimpanzee
The original subject was her mother, ____, but she did not learn much.
Kanzi learned by watching her mother.
He can follow instructions up to the level of a___
Matata; 2-year-old child.
A subsequent report indicated that Kanzi and _____, his half-sister, learned 480 symbols and comprehended around 2,000 English words.
Pan-Banisha
Animals can use language, but none reach the linguistic proficiency of a ___
3-year-old child.
One lab study reported vocal compositional syntax usage by ____, a type of songbird.
Japanese great tits
