6.4-6.5 Flashcards
is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory inputs (Broadbent, 1958). It is through selective attention that information enters our STM system.
Selective Attention
Dr. Donald E. Broadent believed that there is a kind of “bottleneck” that occurs between the process of sensory memory and short-term memory.
Original Filter Theory
A phenomenon wherein a person still notices when someone says their name regardless of the noise in the background.
Cocktail-Party Effect
The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Duration of STM
12 to 30 seconds without rehearsal
It is the storage and manipulation of information.
It is an active system that processes information present within short-term memory.
Working Memory
Working Memory consists of three interrelated systems:
Central Executive - “CEO” or “Big Boss” that controls and coordinates the other two systems. It is the interpreter for both visual and auditory information
Visuospatial - “sketchpad”
Phonological Loop - “recorder”
“CEO” or “Big Boss” that controls and coordinates the other two systems. It is the interpreter for both visual and auditory information
Central Executive
sketchpad
Visuospatial
recorder
Phonological Loop
A memory test in which a series of numbers is read to participants in the study who are taken then asked to recall the numbers in order.
Digit-Span Test by George Miller
Miller called this the
magical number seven.
A way to “fool” the SMT into holding more information.
It is a process of dividing, recoding, or reorganizing a certain information into groups.
Chunking
A practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one’s head in order to maintain it in short-term memory.
Maintenance Rehearsal
The system into which all the information is placed to be kept or less permanently.
Long-Term Memory
There is a relatively permanent_____ in the brain itself when a memory is formed.
physical change
Rote is like
rotating
It is the process of saying information in your head over and over again.
Rote Learning
The best way to encode information into LMT in an organized fashion.
Elaborative Rehearsal
It is a way of increasing the number of retrieval cues
Elaborative Rehearsal
stimuli that aid in remembering
retrieval cues
It is a deeper kind of processing than maintenance rehearsal and so leads to better long-term storage.
Elaborative Rehearsal
a type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses. These memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior.
Nondeclarative (Implicit) LTM -
loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories.
Anterograde Amnesia
a type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known.
Declarative (Explicit) LTM
There are two types of declarative LTM:
Semantic and Episodic LTM
a type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned in formal education.
Semantic Memory
a type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events.
Episodic Memory
A model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related.
Semantic Network Model
