8.1 Energy and Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Energy

A

the ability to do work

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2
Q

Without the ability to _____ and ____ energy, life would cease to exist

A

obtain; use

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3
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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4
Q

ATP is

A

one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy.

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5
Q

ATP analogy

A

ATP is a full battery that can be used to perform functions

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6
Q

What is ATP made of?

A

Adenine, 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and 3 phosphate groups

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7
Q

All 3 of the phosphate groups in ATP are _____ charged

A

negatively

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8
Q

What is the key to ATP’s ability to store and release energy

A

The 3 phosphate groups in ATP

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9
Q

Where else have we seen Adenine

A

Nitrogenous base in DNA (A base)

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10
Q

ADP stands for

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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11
Q

ADP is

A

a compound that looks like ATP, but has TWO phosphate groups instead of 3

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12
Q

ADP can be _____ _____ ___ if a cell has energy

A

turned into ATP

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13
Q

How would ADP turn into ATP

A

phosphorylate ADP to turn it into ATP —> this can be done by eating food or photosynthesis

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14
Q

Phosphorylate

A

to add a phosphate group

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15
Q

How do cells release the energy stored in ATP

A

By breaking and re-forming the bonds between its phosphate groups

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16
Q

Can cells EASILY release the energy stored in ATP

A

yes - this characteristic is useful b/c it is a fast and efficient source of energy for all cells

17
Q

What is the energy in ATP used for

A

1) Protein Pumps
2) Muscle Contractions
3) Cilia and Flagella movement
4) Light (Ex: Firefly)

18
Q

Most cells have a ____ amount of ATP stored

A

small

19
Q

Why do most cells only have a small amount of ATP stored in them

A

b/c it is not good for ATP to be stored in large amounts over a long period of time

20
Q

If ATP cannot be stored in large amounts over a long period of time, how do cells store energy?

A

ADP

21
Q

A single glucose molecule has over __x the energy needed to ….

A

90x; add a phosphate group

22
Q

Heterotrophs

A

organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things, such as plants, other animals, decomposing organisms

23
Q

Heterotrophs are aka

A

consumers

24
Q

Hetero means

A

others

25
Q

Trophs means

A

Feed

26
Q

ATP comes from chemical compounds we call

A

Food

27
Q

Autotrophs

A

organisms that make their own food

28
Q

Examples of autotrophs

A

Plants, algae, some bacteria

29
Q

What do all animals rely on to live

A

autotrophs

30
Q

Auto means

A

self

31
Q

Most autotrophs are

A

photo - autotrophs

32
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches )

33
Q

Where is the energy used in photosynthesis stored in?

A

bonds of carbohydrates