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AP Bio > 34.3 Physical and Chemical Factors That Influence Life in the Biosphere > Flashcards

34.3 Physical and Chemical Factors That Influence Life in the Biosphere Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many physical and chemical factors are there that influence life in the Biosphere?

A

6

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2
Q

What are the 6 physical and chemical factors that influence life in the Biosphere?

A

1) Energy Sources
2) Temperature
3) Water
4) Inorganic Nutrients
5) Other Aquatic Factors
6) Other Terrestrial Factors

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3
Q

What is the most common energy source?

A

Solar Energy

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4
Q

Where does solar energy come from?

A

The sun

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5
Q

Autotrophs

A

organisms that create their own food

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6
Q

Auto means

A

self

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7
Q

Troph means

A

feeding

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8
Q

Autotrophs are also known as

A

producers

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9
Q

What do autotrophs create

A

glucose

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10
Q

Are more organisms autotrophs or chemoautotrophs

A

autotrophs (99%)

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11
Q

Photo-Autotrophs

A

organisms that make their own food with photosynthesis

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12
Q

What are some examples of photo-autotrophs

A

plants, some bacteria, and protists

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13
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

organisms that create their own food by converting abiotic factors into biotic factors

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14
Q

What do Chemoautotrophs create

A

glucose

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15
Q

Temperature

A

measure of the vibrations of molecules (average kinetic energy of molecules)

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16
Q

Endotherm

A

organisms that are able to maintain internal temperature on their own

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17
Q

Ectotherm

A

organisms that are only able to maintain internal temperature with environmental factors

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18
Q

Ectotherms are ______ - blooded

A

cold

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19
Q

Endo means

A

internal

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20
Q

Ecto means

A

external

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21
Q

What are some examples of endotherms

A

mammals and birds ONLY

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22
Q

Why are mammals and birds endothermic

A

because they both have a 4-chambered heart

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23
Q

Why does a 4-chambered heart allow organisms to be endothermic

A

bc the 4 chambered heart clearly separates oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood

24
Q

Why is it important to maintain body temperature

A

because if your body temperature increases/decreases past the range of healthy body temperature, enzymes will denature and the body will stop performing the necessary chemical processes for life

25
Q

How many types of water are there

A

2

26
Q

What are the 2 types of water

A

1) Marine Water
2) Freshwater

27
Q

Organisms in Marine Water have to worry about

A

being hypotonic because water is hypertonic because it is salt water

28
Q

Organisms in freshwater

A

need to have isotonic blood because water is hypotonic

29
Q

Isotonic

A

When equilibrium is reached with the amount of solute and water molecules “same strength”

30
Q

Hypertonic

A

“above strength” higher concentration of solute; therefore, less water

31
Q

Hypotonic

A

“below strength” lower concentration of the solute; therefore, more water

32
Q

How many inorganic limiting nutrients are there

A

2

33
Q

What are the inorganic limiting nutrients

A

1) Phosphorus
2) Nitrogen

34
Q

What do plants need Phosphorus for

A

plants need for ATP and DNA

35
Q

What do plants need Nitrogen for

A

plants need for DNA and proteins

36
Q

Where do most plants get nitrogen and phosphorus from

A

soil

37
Q

Why are nitrogen and phosphorus known as limiting nutrients

A

because the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in an environment determines how many organisms can grow there

38
Q

What are some other aquatic factors?

A

Salinity, Currents, Tides

39
Q

Salinity

A

how salty water is

40
Q

Current

A

water that moves from left to right

41
Q

Tides

A

water that moves up and down (rise and fall )

42
Q

therm meaning

A

body temperature mechanisms

43
Q

What are some other terrestrial factors?

A

wind

44
Q

wind

A

different temperatures of air

45
Q

What is the most important factor in plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems

A

solar energy from sunlight

46
Q

Where does the most photosynthesis occur in aquatic ecosystems

A

near the water’s surface

47
Q

What are two examples of how a chemoautoroph gains energy?

A

sulfur bacteria gains energy from extracting energy from the inorganic chemicals in its ecosystem
organisms get nutrition from bacteria living inside their bodies

48
Q

What is an example of an organism that is an ectotherm

A

frogs

49
Q

Why are frogs ectotherms

A

because they have a 3-chambered heart which does not properly separate de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood

50
Q

How do frogs keep their internal temperature stable

A

they gain warmth by absorbing heat from their surroundings

51
Q

Temperature is particularly important in what bodily function

A

metabolism

52
Q

How does water affect organisms that live in terrestrial ecosystems?

A

Dehydration and watertight coverings that enable plants and vertebrates to be successful

53
Q

Where do plants get nitrogen and phosphorus from

A

the soil

54
Q

How does wind affect life

A

it can increase an organisms rate of water loss by evaporation

55
Q

What two factors cab explain the presence of a species in a particular area

A

1) the species that migrated to that location
2) species that evolved there

56
Q

What is the only organic molecule chemoaututrophs create

A

glucose

AP Bio (67 decks)

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