34.3 Physical and Chemical Factors That Influence Life in the Biosphere

Question 1

How many physical and chemical factors are there that influence life in the Biosphere?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

What are the 6 physical and chemical factors that influence life in the Biosphere?

Answer 2

1) Energy Sources
2) Temperature
3) Water
4) Inorganic Nutrients
5) Other Aquatic Factors
6) Other Terrestrial Factors

Question 3

What is the most common energy source?

Answer 3

Solar Energy

Question 4

Where does solar energy come from?

Answer 4

The sun

Question 5

Autotrophs

Answer 5

organisms that create their own food

Question 6

Auto means

Answer 6

self

Question 7

Troph means

Answer 7

feeding

Question 8

Autotrophs are also known as

Answer 8

producers

Question 9

What do autotrophs create

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

Are more organisms autotrophs or chemoautotrophs

Answer 10

autotrophs (99%)

Question 11

Photo-Autotrophs

Answer 11

organisms that make their own food with photosynthesis

Question 12

What are some examples of photo-autotrophs

Answer 12

plants, some bacteria, and protists

Question 13

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 13

organisms that create their own food by converting abiotic factors into biotic factors

Question 14

What do Chemoautotrophs create

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

Temperature

Answer 15

measure of the vibrations of molecules (average kinetic energy of molecules)

Question 16

Endotherm

Answer 16

organisms that are able to maintain internal temperature on their own

Question 17

Ectotherm

Answer 17

organisms that are only able to maintain internal temperature with environmental factors

Question 18

Ectotherms are ______ - blooded

Answer 18

cold

Question 19

Endo means

Answer 19

internal

Question 20

Ecto means

Answer 20

external

Question 21

What are some examples of endotherms

Answer 21

mammals and birds ONLY

Question 22

Why are mammals and birds endothermic

Answer 22

because they both have a 4-chambered heart

Question 23

Why does a 4-chambered heart allow organisms to be endothermic

Answer 23

bc the 4 chambered heart clearly separates oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood

Question 24

Why is it important to maintain body temperature

Answer 24

because if your body temperature increases/decreases past the range of healthy body temperature, enzymes will denature and the body will stop performing the necessary chemical processes for life

Question 25

How many types of water are there

Answer 25

2

Question 26

What are the 2 types of water

Answer 26

1) Marine Water 2) Freshwater

Question 27

Organisms in Marine Water have to worry about

Answer 27

being hypotonic because water is hypertonic because it is salt water

Question 28

Organisms in freshwater

Answer 28

need to have isotonic blood because water is hypotonic

Question 29

Isotonic

Answer 29

When equilibrium is reached with the amount of solute and water molecules "same strength"

Question 30

Hypertonic

Answer 30

"above strength" higher concentration of solute; therefore, less water

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

"below strength" lower concentration of the solute; therefore, more water

Question 32

How many inorganic limiting nutrients are there

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What are the inorganic limiting nutrients

Answer 33

1) Phosphorus 2) Nitrogen

Question 34

What do plants need Phosphorus for

Answer 34

plants need for ATP and DNA

Question 35

What do plants need Nitrogen for

Answer 35

plants need for DNA and proteins

Question 36

Where do most plants get nitrogen and phosphorus from

Answer 36

soil

Question 37

Why are nitrogen and phosphorus known as limiting nutrients

Answer 37

because the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in an environment determines how many organisms can grow there

Question 38

What are some other aquatic factors?

Answer 38

Salinity, Currents, Tides

Question 39

Salinity

Answer 39

how salty water is

Question 40

Current

Answer 40

water that moves from left to right

Question 41

Tides

Answer 41

water that moves up and down (rise and fall )

Question 42

therm meaning

Answer 42

body temperature mechanisms

Question 43

What are some other terrestrial factors?

Answer 43

wind

Question 44

wind

Answer 44

different temperatures of air

Question 45

What is the most important factor in plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 45

solar energy from sunlight

Question 46

Where does the most photosynthesis occur in aquatic ecosystems

Answer 46

near the water's surface

Question 47

What are two examples of how a chemoautoroph gains energy?

Answer 47

sulfur bacteria gains energy from extracting energy from the inorganic chemicals in its ecosystem organisms get nutrition from bacteria living inside their bodies

Question 48

What is an example of an organism that is an ectotherm

Answer 48

frogs

Question 49

Why are frogs ectotherms

Answer 49

because they have a 3-chambered heart which does not properly separate de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood

Question 50

How do frogs keep their internal temperature stable

Answer 50

they gain warmth by absorbing heat from their surroundings

Question 51

Temperature is particularly important in what bodily function

Answer 51

metabolism

Question 52

How does water affect organisms that live in terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 52

Dehydration and watertight coverings that enable plants and vertebrates to be successful

Question 53

Where do plants get nitrogen and phosphorus from

Answer 53

the soil

Question 54

How does wind affect life

Answer 54

it can increase an organisms rate of water loss by evaporation

Question 55

What two factors cab explain the presence of a species in a particular area

Answer 55

1) the species that migrated to that location 2) species that evolved there

Question 56

What is the only organic molecule chemoaututrophs create

Answer 56

glucose