Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction Flashcards
Cell Division
the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
Information Overload
As a cell increases in size, the DNA stays the same, so if a cell grew too big, an information overload occurs
What solves the “information overload” problem?
The replication of DNA before cell division
What is another way that cell division solves “information overload”
By INCREASING the surface area to volume ratio (SA-to-V)
Reproduction
the formation of new individuals and is also one of the most important characteristics of life
How do unicellular organisms reproduce?
Cell division
What are the two types of reproduction?
Asexual and sexual
Asexual reproduction
the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
What organisms reproduce asexually?
Bacterium, unicellular organisms, some multicellular organisms, hydras, and some plants
Sexual Reproduction
offspring produced by the fusion of special reproductive cells formed by each of the 2 parents
Where do the offspring of organisms produced during sexual reproduction get their genetic information from?
from both parents
What organisms perform sexual reproduction
most animals and plants and some unicellular organisms
Mitosis for cells can also be known as
asexual reproduction
Why do cells divide
1) B/c the DNA of a cell can only control up to a certain amount of organelles before it loses control
2) Bc a large cell is less efficient with transporting nutrients and waste materials out of the cell
3) Bc as a cell grows there is a higher amount of waste, proteins, nutrients, etc
What represents the surface area of a cell
cell membrane
What represents the volume of a cell
cytoplasm
An asexual parent produces a
clone
As a cell’s size increases, the ratio of its surface area to volume ______
decreases
Why is the surface area to volume ratio of a cell important/
Bc it shows how much surface area is present to be able to transport the components in the volume of the cell
When dimensions double, surface area multiplies by
4
When dimensions double, volume multiplies by
8
What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
1) Lack of biodiversity can kill off species if the environment changes
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
1) faster
2) required less energy (to mate, etc.)
3) less mutations so strive in the same way (thrive in the same environment)
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
1) Process of finding a mate and the growth and development of the offspring take a long time
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
1) Higher chance of mutation (which can be beneficial) which helps evolution (adapt to a changing environment)
2) Provides genetic diversity — if environment changes, organism might still have characteristics to survive
What is one organisms that reproduces sexually and asexually
yeasts
yeast is a ___-_____ ________
single-celled eukaryote
Why do yeasts reproduce sexually and asexually
they usually reproduce asexually but when needed they reproduce sexually
